WOOD 



in 



Fig. 112. Boards produced by quarter sawing 



wearing is increased, as the end of the hard element of the 

 wood is exposed at the surface. The radial method of 

 quarter-sawing is considered the best. The grain or annular 

 rings are be- 

 tween 45 and 

 90 to the sur- 

 face, and it is 

 known as quar- 

 ter-sawed or 

 vertical-grain 

 lumber (Fig. 

 112). 



From the saw 

 the slab, which 

 is the round 

 part, including 

 the bark and sapwood, that is cut from the sides of the 

 log when it is reduced to a square or rectangular shape, 

 may go to the shingle and to the lath saws, where all the 

 usable parts are cut into shingles or lath. The refuse is 

 used for fuel or destroyed in the refuse burner. The body 

 of the log is cut into such sizes as its quality will admit 

 and meet commercial requirements. From the saw such 

 of the lumber as is necessary goes to a saw table, where it 

 is trimmed of bark and worthless sapwood that was not 

 taken off with the slab. It all goes to the sorting table, 

 over which it is moved at right angles to the long center 

 of the table by mechanical conveyors. Near and across 

 the end of the table where the lumber comes on is a series 

 of small saws so arranged that when not in use % they remain 

 under the table, but can be put in operation above the table 

 at the will of the operator. By means of these saws the 

 operator can square either end, cut off a defective end, or 

 reduce to some one of the standard commercial lengths any 

 piece passing him. Each piece is then inspected by a grader, 

 who marks on it the grade, after which the pieces, according 



