BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 



30S 



Footing. It is often necessary to use a footing or exten- 

 sion in width of a foundation in order to bring the load 

 within the allowable limit of the soil. In determining the 

 width of footings, it is necessary to determine the total 

 weight of the building, together with the maximum load 

 which the building may contain at any time. 



Basements. Basement walls are in most cases the same 

 as foundation walls. The floor may be tamped earth or 

 clay, but brick or concrete is much more satisfactory. Walls 

 dividing the basement into smaller rooms may be of the 

 same material as the outside walls, although light frame 

 partitions under ordinary conditions meet all requirements. 

 Either the brick work of the chimney will extend to the 

 basement floor or provision must be made for a supporting 

 structure. 



THE SUPERSTRUCTURE 



Walls. Walls may be of various kinds, as follows: 

 Frame. The construction of frame walls has become so 

 standardized that a-. discussion of methods is here unneces- 

 sary. Estimates as to the 



G/n/er 



Corb/e 



\ 



VW 



7 



labor and quantity of mate- 

 rial to be used would vary 

 with individual conditions. 

 Stucco. Stucco is ap- 

 plied as a plaster upon a 

 metal lath or expanded 

 metal and common gal- 

 vanized mesh, upon ordi- 

 nary wood lath, or upon 

 common lath and insulat- 

 ing material. The life of 

 the stucco is contingent 

 upon the bond which 

 can be made between the 

 plaster and the surface of the building. In the case of 

 metal lath and wire mesh, the life of the covering is 



Fig. 247. Typical support in 

 limber construction 



