HOUSE HEATING 423 



air ducts, it is an aid to ventilation. Much of the criticism 

 of this system is due to the fact that it has been used to 

 replace the stove in old houses, where there was not enough 

 room in the basement or sufficient space in the partitions to 

 allow a proper location of the furnace with pipes of an 

 adequate inclination and size. The desire for economy 

 often leads to faulty installations and improper provisions 

 for the return of the cold air. When of sufficient capacity 

 for the average-sized house, the fire box is made in sections 

 which, when not properly fitted together, result in smoke 

 and gas in the rooms. Difficulty is sometimes had in 

 carrying heat to rooms to the windward of the furnace. To 

 be successful in cold climates, the furnace must be large and 

 the pipes from 50 to 100 per cent larger than are ordinarily 

 used in moderate climates. 



With the hot-water system considerable time is required to 

 raise the temperature of a cold house, owing to the volume 

 of water to be heated. Neglect of preventive measures may 

 lead to flooding from leaky joints or from frozen pipes when 

 circulation is not kept up, the settling of dirt upon the walls 

 above the radiators, and difficulties in regulating tempera- 

 ture in mild weather. These disadvantages are balanced by 

 the complete control of the circulation of the heat, the small 

 space required in the basement for the furnace and piping, 

 and the fact that upstairs rooms can be heated as readily as 

 the ones in the lower part of the house. 



The cost of a hot-water system is considerably more than 

 hot air, on account of the more expensive piping used in 

 the distribution of the heat, but the life is proportionately 

 longer. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



American Radiator Company. Ideal Fitter. American Radiator Co., 



Chicago. 

 Carpenter, Rolla C. Heating and Ventilating of Buildings. John 



Wiley & Sons. 

 Principles of Heating. International Library of Technology, Vol. 



LXXIII, International Correspondence School, Philadelphia. 



