fungus, wasted away, and died. Probably this is characteristic of the 

 species and not due to the long, arduous migration from the Pacific Ocean 

 to the spawning grounds. 



In connection with the susceptibility to fungus, of both the eggs and 

 the adult landlocked salmon, I would like to ask various fish cultur- 

 ists present whether they consider fungus a primary or a secondary in- 

 vader; that is, whether they consider it a primary cause, or secondary 

 to other diseased conditions. 



Mr. Hayford : At Hackettstown if the brook trout after being stripped 

 are placed in spring water which is 52° F., they soon become badly fun- 

 gused, but when placed in brook water at about 42° to 44° we have no 

 trouble. I think it is a case of temperature rather than handling. 



Mr. Titcomb : Young landlocked salmon seem to be more susceptible 

 to fungus than any of the other Salmonidae I ever handled. At hatcheries 

 holding fish to yearling size, more Saprolegnia is experienced with the 

 salmon than any other species. It comes on very suddenly. Young salmon 

 seem to thrive better in warm water than trout. 



Mr. G. C. Leach, Washington, D. C. : Very little difficulty is experi- 

 enced in handling salmon at our Green Lake station in Maine, as the 

 eggs are taken in the fall when the water is cold and there is little 

 fungus. We have little trouble with young fish there because they are 

 hatched and reared in the natural water temperatures. At the station at 

 Manchester, Iowa, rainbow trout very much fungused after the spawning 

 season were placed in the creek in water considerably cooler and of 

 greater volume than in the ponds and where conditions were natural, and 

 they soon developed into healthy specimens. This indicates that natural 

 conditions have a tendency to discourage fungus. If landlocked salmon 

 are held and reared in artificial ponds, a great deal of trouble may be 

 expected. One reason why the introduction of this species into other 

 waters has failed is because of the lack of natural food, especially smelts. 



Mr. Titcomb : We never attempted to introduce salmon into any water 

 where we did not first introduce the smelt. The Adirondack frost fish, 

 which averages fi'om six to nine inches in length, is less destructive to 

 other fish, and it is quite similar in appearance to the smelt, except that 

 it does not have the sharp teeth of the latter. 



Mr. E. W. Cobb, St. Paul, Minn. : Referring to the Green Lake hatch- 

 ery, old settlers used to tell me about catching cart loads of landlocked 

 salmon in the rapids below Rocky Pond and using them for fertilizer. 

 During the thi*ee years I worked there those rapids were the source of the 

 water supply for the Green Lake hatchery, and were originally one of 

 the spawning grounds of the salmon. We reared seven-inch landlocked 

 salmon in the hatchery ponds the first summer, in some cases. Those 

 reared in the troughs averaged about half the size of the salmon in the 

 ponds, but the loss in the troughs was probably not over 25 per cent of 

 that in the ponds. The water would run up to 86° F., and there was some 

 fungus. Unless the salmon were fed for about 24 hours a day, they 

 would begin biting each other, thus starting the fungus growth, which 

 was inclined to spread. 



Mr. X. R. BuiXER, Harrisburg, Pa.: Years ago the State of Pennsyl- 



55 



