34 BIONOMICS OF GLOSSINA CALIGINEA. 



Bionomics. 



Glossina caliginea, which, from the data printed above, would 

 appear to be prevalent in parts of Southern Nigeria in the 

 month of May, is evidently prone to attack travellers in canoes. 

 This has been observed both by Mr. Garden and Dr. Lamborn, 

 the former of whom, with reference to the specimens taken by 

 him in a canoe on a creek between Agbabu and Akitipupu, on 

 May 17 and 19, 1909, contributes the interesting note that the 

 flies " attacked during heavy rain " ; Mr. Garden also states that 

 at the spot at which the flies were encountered there was " dense 

 cover," consisting of " long grass and water-plants." One of 

 Dr. Lamborn's specimens (a male, taken on the Oni River, on 

 May 9, 1910) bears the following fleld-note : — " As I was going 

 up river in a canoe at 3.0 p.m., this insect bit me on the arm, 

 and became so distended with my blood that it was unable to 

 fly away." A female in the possession of the Entomological 

 Research Committee, taken by the same collector on the same 

 river and date, bears the label : — " From European's back and 

 distended with his blood, while canoeing up river." A male and 

 female from Dr. Lamborn, caught on May 4, 1910, are labelled 

 as being " oS" European's clothes, Avhile journeying up river in a 

 canoe," and the remaining specimens of this species received 

 from the same source by the Entomological Research Committee 

 are also stated to have been caught on a European's clothes. 



Affinities and Distinctive Characters. 



Among the Glossina 2)al2)aUs group of species, with dark hind 

 tarsi, constituted by Glossina palpalis, Rob.-Desv., G. pallicera, 

 Bigot, G. fuscipes, Newst., G. caliginea, Austen, and G. tachinoides, 

 Westw., the new species can only be confused vfith the two first 

 mentioned. Care is necessary at the outset in order to distinguish 

 G. caliginea from G. pcdpalis, but the very real difterences between 

 the two species have been pointed out in the course of the 

 foregoing description. The usually darker hue and larger size of 

 G. caliginea, combined with the characters supplied by the third 

 joint of the antennae (dusky coloration, stouter shape, less pro- 

 minent distal extremity, and especially the absence of a conspicuous 

 fringe of pale hair on the anterior and posterior edges (see 

 Figs. 11 and 13)), will suffice to differentiate the new species 

 from G. pallicera. 



