38 GLOSSINA PALLICERA : AFFINITIES, ETC. 



narrow jDath. It did not associate with G. jjalpalis upon this 

 path, nor was it to be found associated with G. palpalis upon 

 the main road into which the path opens. The insects were 

 found sunning themselves upon the leaves of the tall plants 

 bordering the path, or playing in sunshine about the stumps of 

 a fallen palm {Elaiis guineensis). I caught a number of males, 

 but though I spent some hours there, and returned to the path 

 on a second occasion, when I again caught males, I failed to 

 catch a female on either occasion. Though I sat among the 

 insects for some hours no attack was made upon me by them." * 

 With reference to the last remark by Dr. Graham, it may be 

 noted that the abdomen of the female fly caught on a horse on 

 the polo ground, Kumasi, as recorded above, is distended by 

 coagulated blood. In Ashanti it appeared to Dr. Graham that 

 in the case of G. palpalis the females were more aggressive than 

 the males, and possibly this is also true of G. pallicera. 



Affinities and Distinctive Characters. 



With Glossina palpalis, Rob.-Desv. (p. 24, Plate I), G. 

 fuscipes, Newst. (p. 29), G. caliginea, Austen (p. 30, Plate II), 

 and G. tachinoides, Westw, (p. 39, Plate IV), G. pallicera 

 forms the Glossina palpalis group of Tsetse-flies, the members 

 of which are characterised by all the joints of the hind 

 tarsi being wholly or for the most part blackish-brown, clove- 

 brown, or dark brown above. With G. tachinoides, owing to 

 its abdominal markings and much smaller size, there is no risk 

 of confusion (compare Plates III and IV) ; from all other 

 species of the Glossina paljxtlis group at present known, 

 G. paJJicera, although exhibiting an exceedingly close resemblance 

 in general appearance to an unusually light-coloured G. caliginea, 

 can at once be distinguished by the coloration, shajie, and 

 hairiness of the third joint of the antenna, as described above. 



* From." Report by Dr. W. M. Graham upon Entomological Observa- 

 tions made in Southern and Central Ashanti, 1907," p. 3 (printed for 

 private circulation by the Colonial Office, 1909). 



