BIONOMICS OF CtLOSSINA MORSITANS. 53 



(Lake Ngami district), the North-Eastern Transvaal, and 

 Zululand. Although present knowledge is not suflBcient to 

 enable us to state whether G. morsitans exists in every country 

 and Protectorate within the limits indicated, the species 

 (besides occurring in the countries already mentioned) is certainly 

 found in : the Gambia, French Guinea, the Gold Coast (Northern 

 Territories), Togoland, Dahomey, Northern Nigeria,* the Congo 

 Free State (Katanga District), the Bahr-el-Gliazal Province of 

 the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, the Uganda Protectorate, German 

 East Africa, the Nyasaland Protectorate, Rhodesia (N.-E., N.-W. 

 and S.), and Portuguese East Africa. Owing to limitations of 

 space, it is unfortunately impossible to give details (localities, 

 dates of capture, etc.) of the hundreds of specimens of this species 

 received by the British Museum (Natural History) within the 

 last eight years. 



BlOXOMICS. 



Until well within the last decade, G. morsitans was almost 

 the only Tsetse-fly of which the habits had ever been observed, 

 and the very numerous references to " Tsetse " in the writings 

 of elephant and other big game hunters, explorers, and pioneers 

 in South and South Central Africa, from the time of R. Gordon 

 Cumming (1850) down to the present day, refer almost exclusively 

 to this species. It was to G. morsitans that the name " Tsetse " 

 was originally, and indeed until a few years ago exclusively 

 applied, while even now the popular designation is still largeh^ 

 used in its original and restricted sense. For the writing of an 

 account of the habits of Glossina morsitans a mass of material 

 lies I'eady to hand, and the statements available down to the 

 year 1903 were duly summarised by the author in his 



* In this survey no distinction is of course made between typical 

 Q, morsitans, Westw., and G. morsitans form submorsitans, Newst., or any 

 intermediate forms or varieties. The types of G. suhnorsitans, Newst. 

 (for the separation of which from G. viorsitans, Westw., the present 

 author, as pointed out above, is unable to find sufficient justification), are 

 from N. Nigeria, and Newstead considers it probable that all West African 

 Tsetse-flies hitherto regarded as G. r)iorsitans will prove " on further 

 examination" to be referable to his G. submorsitans {cf. Newstead, Ann. 

 Trop. Med. and ParasitoL, Series T. M., Vol. IV, No. 3, pp. 369-370, 

 December 20, 1910). While it is true that the majority of West African 

 specimens of G. morsitans in the British Museum (Natural History) may 

 be regarded as belonging to the form submorsita)is, Newst., the National 

 Collection also possesses specimens from Senegambia, the Northern 

 Territories, Gold Coast, and N. Nigeria (Kontagora), which in all external 

 characters, except for the fact that the last joint of the middle tarsi is 

 clove-brown only at the distal extremity, are typical G. morsitans, Westw. 



