56 G. MOESITANS: PEELIMINAEY STAGES. 



contradictory. Whereas it is quite possible that formerly, in 

 Africa south of the Zambesi, this particular Tsetse-fly was specially 

 associated with and supported by the buftalo, since both were 

 found in the same places, and the buffiilo in the region in question 

 some five and thirty years ago far outnumbered all other game, 

 the evidence of many reliable observers shows that, in other parts 

 of Africa at the present day, G. mor sit arts is in no way specially 

 dependent upon the buffalo or any other species of game. 



Although by some observers stated to be most aggressive 

 during the hottest hours, according to other authorities Glossina 

 morsitans attacks human beings throughout the day, in addition 

 to biting, like other Tsetse-flies, during part of the night, 

 especially when there is a bright moon and the weather is warm. 



Repeoductiox axd Preliminary Stages. 



Accurate observations on the reproduction and preliminary 

 stages of Glossina morsitans are urgently needed. That this 

 should be so is not a little surprising when it is considered that 

 this Tsetse-fly may be said to have been a familiar insect ever 

 since the species was described more than sixty years ago. In a 

 letter. published in " The Field," of September 28, 1907, Mr. R. 

 L. Harger, late of North-Eastern Rhodesia, stated that he had 

 often watched G. morsitans depositing its " eggs [i.e. larvae] in 

 the damp soil thrown up by the digging of a trench " round his 

 tent. The species of Tsetse used by Sir David Bruce in Zululand, 

 in 1895-96, in the course of his epoch-making researches into the 

 etiology of Nagana, now proves to have been Glossina pallidipes, 

 Austen, to which the larvae and pupae described and figured 

 in the "Further Report"* by the distinguished investigator 

 referred to consequently belong. Harger's brief statement there- 

 fore represents all that has so far been published on the life- 

 history of Glossina morsitans. No larvae of this Tsetse-fly have 

 as yet reached the Museum, but during the preparation of this 

 volume the author received from Mr. R. W. Jack, Government 

 Entomologist, Salisbury, Rhodesia, a pupa-case which undoubtedly 

 belongs to G. morsitans (see Figs. 5 c and 6 c, pp. 5 and 7), 

 accompanied by the following letter, dated " Department of 

 Agriculture, Salisbury (Rhodesia), 20th October, 1910." 



* " Further Report on the Tsetse Fly Disease, or Nagana, in Zululand." 

 By Surgeon-Major David Bruce, A. M.S. Ubombo, Zululand, 29th May, 

 1896 (London : Harrison and Sons. 1897). Pp. 2-3, Plates I and II. 



