G. MOESITANS: AFFINITIES, ETC. 57 



" I am sending you an empty pupa-case, which I behove to be 

 that of the common Tsetse-fly (Glossina morsitans). It was taken 

 between the roots of a tree {Ficus sp. ?) on the banks of (sixty 

 or seventy yards from) a dry stream in the low veld below the 

 escarpment in the Lomagundi district, Southern Rhodesia, and 

 east of the Hunyani River. I was at the time endeavouring to 

 ascertain the breeding grounds of the common Tsetse, and the 

 tree under which the pupa-case was found was in the middle of a 

 well populated belt of 'fly.' The earth between the roots of the 

 tree was of an easily-worked sandy nature, and rich in humus. 

 Numerous pupa-cases of other Diptera and of Lepidoptera were 

 f)resent, but of living Dipterous pupae I was able to find none, 

 nor was I able to discover any more cases, in a state of preserva- 

 tion sufficient for recognition, during twelve days' work in the 

 * fly ' country. I may mention that the season on the low veld 

 in that part is very late, and when I was there (October) no rain 

 had fallen for several months. It is possible that living pupae 

 may be common after the first rains." With his letter Mr. Jack 

 kindly enclosed a photograph showing the roots of the Ficus tree, 

 and the exact spot where the pupa-case was found. 



As will be seen from the photographs on pages 5 and 7 (Figs. 

 o c, 5 F, 6 c, 6 f), the pupa-case of Glossina morsitans is smaller 

 than that of G. palpalis and neater in appearance ; the tumid 

 lips are also conspicuously smaller, and the notch between them 

 lacks the characteristic key-hoh'-lihe constriction exhibited by the 

 notch between the lips of the puparium of the latter species. The 

 tumid lips are smaller than those of any other Glossina-pupariuni 

 at present known. The sj)ecimen found by Mr. Jack measures 

 5-4 mm. in length, by 3 mm. in greatest breadth ; these dimensions 

 are much smaller than those of the pupa of G. pnllidipes (see 

 p. 62), while the size and shape of the tumid lips and the size of the 

 intervening notch are very different {cj). Figs. 6 c and 6 d, p. 7). 



Affinities axd Distinctive Characters. 



Glossina morsitans, Westw., with G. pallidipes, Austen (p. 58, 

 Plate VI), and G. longipalpis, Wied. (p. 63, Plate VII), forms 

 the Glossina morsitans group of species, in which the abdomen is 

 conspicuously banded, while the first three joints of the hind 

 tarsi are pale. Apart from all other characters, G. morsitans is 

 sufficiently distinguished from both the other members of its 

 group by the absence of a distinct fringe of fine hair on the front 



