NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I95O-I95I — COOPER 2/ 



scanty in the upper levels. They consisted of fragments of bone, 

 mostly of bison but occasionally of deer; obsidian and chalcedony 

 chips and other stone fragments ; and an exceedingly small number 

 of artifacts. Much of the bone was in small fragments and some of 

 it was scorched. Stone artifacts in the upper levels include the basal 

 fragment of a small side-notched triangular point of chalcedony with 

 concave base. The width at the base is 14 mm. and the length of the 

 complete point was probably about 27 mm. Another fragment, of 

 chert, is presumably from a fairly small, straight-based point, but the 

 dimensions and form are not further determinable. The only other 

 stone object showing indubitable evidence of human workmanship is 

 a small chalcedony flake with fine retouching on one edge. Other 

 objects which have been modified further than simply by breaking 

 are a fragment of scapula with two straight parallel lines lightly in- 

 cised on one surface and an antler tine 180 mm. long with a battered 

 and somewhat poHshed tip suggesting use in chipping (pi. 4, 14). 

 A series of transverse cuts encircling the latter specimen at 58 to 

 yy mm. from the base suggests that a beginning was made toward 

 shortening the implement. A minor amount of abrasion on the tip 

 of another, short, antler fragment may be the result of use. 



The lower cultural deposit appears to represent an occupation of 

 considerable intensity, judging by the results of the limited excava- 

 tion and by its uninterrupted exposure for hundreds of feet along 

 the terrace edge. Averaging approximately a half foot in thickness, 

 it contains quantities of unworked stone, much of it fractured prob- 

 ably by heat, and bone; flint chips; relatively abundant artifacts of 

 stone and bone; and pottery sherds. The bone is predominantly 

 bison, but dog remains are fairly numerous and one to three bones 

 each of deer, elk, antelope, and jack rabbit were found in the excava- 

 tions. Hearths, only one of which was lined with stones, were un- 

 covered in both trenches. 



Fourteen pottery sherds, some of which have been combined to 

 make a final total of eight fragments, were recovered in the lower 

 cultural zone. In every instance the paste is rather compact and is 

 dark gray to black, but the exterior surfaces of five fragments are 

 light gray or tan. Tempering material, which is only moderately 

 abundant, appears to be preponderantly crushed granite, though an 

 occasional grain of sand is visible on the broken edges. Deposits of 

 carbonized material are present on both exterior and interior sur- 

 faces, but more commonly on the latter. The deposit on the inside 

 of one vessel is 4 mm. thick. Surface hardness is between 3.5 and 

 4 (i.e., surfaces can be scratched by the mineral fluorite but not by 



