NO. 2 SALVAGE PROGRAM, I95O-I95I COOPER 65 



scraper handles, and objects of metal. Scapula hoes, present in all 

 components, are characterized in the Stanley component by the re- 

 moval of the glenoid portion of the bone, whereas there is no such 

 alteration in the case of the earlier specimens. 



All evidence indicated that the site was fortified only during the 

 second occupation, A ditch, 3.5 to 4 feet deep and about 3 feet wide, 

 extended across the ridge on which lay the northwestern part of the 

 site, to which the two earlier occupations were confined. This, to- 

 gether with the two shallow ravines that it connected, and the ter- 

 race slope, apparently constituted the sole defensive feature, for no 

 evidence of a palisade was found in the test trenches. 



Despite the extensive excavations within the occupational area and 

 rather intensive search, by test trenching, of the ridge behind the 

 northwestern part of the site and a prominent hill adjoining the south- 

 eastern occupational area, no burials were found except for a single 

 hematite-stained cranium in the fill of one of the rectangular houses. 



During the excavation of the Dodd site, three other sites were 

 briefly investigated. One of these, site 39ST53, was a burial on the 

 edge of the uplands in the dam area. Excavation revealed that a 

 boulder cairn, visible on the surface, covered two burials, the lower 

 one of which consisted of an articulated skeleton, complete only from 

 the pelvis up. This burial was accompanied by three strands of shell 

 disk beads, which lay on and near the skull. The upper grave, which 

 intruded into the lower one, contained only a number of disarticu- 

 lated bones, some of which had been burned, of at least two indi- 

 viduals. Another site (39ST33) was near the city of Fort Pierre in 

 an area which had been utilized as a borrow pit during the relocation 

 of U. S. Highway 14 and was scheduled to be again so used for the 

 access railroad to the dam. Test trenches indicated that the site was 

 almost if not completely destroyed by the earlier activity. Tests at 

 39HU22, which will lie beneath the dam on the east side of the river, 

 indicated that the nature of the soil was such that extensive excava- 

 tion would not be feasible. The collection from this site suggests a 

 relationship to the late occupation at the Dodd site, but there are 

 significant differences, at least in the pottery. 



Also, during several weeks in August and September, a small recon- 

 naissance team worked on the left bank of the Missouri from the dam 

 site to the Little Bend, opposite the mouth of the Cheyenne River. 

 Many previously recorded sites were reexamined and 27 new sites 

 were found. Most of these are earth-lodge settlements, but a few 

 are mounds or cairns which probably mark the locations of burials. 

 The Little Bend proved to be especially prolific in sites. Almost every 



