PACKARD.] THE GRAIN-TINEA THE GRAIN-WEEVIL. 715 



thirty-sixth aud fortieth degrees of north latitude," and it has been found 

 even in Xew England. " Wheat, barley, oats, and Indian corn sutler 

 alike from it, the last especially when kept unprotected more than six 

 or eight months." — (Harris.) 



The moth lays mostly in June and August, but probably at other 

 times during the year, from sixty to ninety eggs in clusters of about 

 twenty in a single grain of wheat or corn. In from four to six days the 

 larvic disperse, each selecting a single grain, burrowing in at the end 

 whence the plumule grows out. The caterpillar, after eating out the 

 •inside of the grain of wheat or corn and exhausting its supply of food, 

 sometimes eats its excrement once or even a second time. It transforms 

 within the grain, spinning a silken web, and before pupating {i.e., trans- 

 forming to a pupa) gnaws a hole nearly through the shell for the exit of 

 the moth. The larvic of the first, or summer, brood mature in about 

 three weeks, the moths ai)poaring at harvest time. Those of the second 

 brood by bernate in the grain, changing into moths the following summer. 



Description. — The caterpillar (Plate LXY, Fig. 8, much enlarged) is nuusnally thick and 

 plump, the skiu being nnnsnally thiu and transparent. The moth (Plate LXV, Fig. .5) is 

 ochreoiis with a dark-brown streak toward the base, and a few dark dots toward the 

 end of the fore wings, while the hind wings are grayish-ochreom ; sometimes the fore 

 wings are unspotted. The wings are long and narrow, beautifully fringed, aud expand 

 about half an inch. Several chalcid parasites prey upon it. 



Remedies. — Diy the grain in an oven or kiln with a heat of 167° Fahren- 

 heit for twelve hours ; fumigate in close vessels with charcoal-gas. Early 

 thrashing and winnowing should be practiced, not later than the end of 

 July. The grain should be stored in tight bins. 



The Gijaix-Tixea, Tima (jrandla Linn. (Plate LXV, Fig. 9.) — Devouring the interior 

 of grains of wheat, tying s^everal grains together, but transforming in cracks, etc., in 

 the floor; a slender caterpillar. 



This is also a European importation, and is more or less injurious to 

 stored grain, though less so than the Angoumoismoth. It is found fly- 

 ing in granaries in summer. The female lays from thirty to forty eggs, 

 one or two in each grain. The caterpillar hatches in a few days and 

 eats into the grain, closing the entrance with its castings, and after de- 

 vouring the interior of one grain passes into others, uniting them with 

 silk threads forming a web. When about to transform it deserts the 

 grain, retires to cracks in the floor and constructs a cocoon, often by 

 gnawing the wood and weaving the chips into its web until the cocoon 

 has the form and size of a grain of wheat. In this it hibernates, chang- 

 ing to a pupa in the spring, aud in two or tbree weeks appearing as a 

 moth. 



Description. — The larva is cylindrical, with long, fine, scattered hairs, and of a light- 

 butf color, with a reddish head. It is about four or live tenths of an inch in length. 

 The moth differs entirely ftom the Angoumois moth in form, and is creamy-white, with 

 six brown spots on the costa of the fore wings, aud with dark hind wings. The wings 

 expand 0.0(5 inch. 



Remedies. — Besides those suggested for the attacks of the preceding 

 grain-moth, the granary when empty should be thoroughly cleansed and 

 whitewashed, or washed with coaloil, and when the caterpillars are at 

 work the grain should be often and thoroughly stirred about. 



TheGrain-Weevii-, 5(7o7J?ii7HS ^r«H«ri«s (Linn.). (Plate LXV, Fig. 10 e.) — A short, mag- 

 got-like grub, eating the interior of the grain and transforming into a minute reddish 

 weevil, which also injures stored grain. 



While the wheat-fly and several other insects are dubbed " weevils " 



