j-ACKAED.] THE GRAPE FORESTER. 785 



the use of resisting Auiericau viues as stocks, and this is undoubtedly 

 one of the best preventive measures which can be adopted. The writer 

 would like to know how extensive in the Eastern States is the distribu- 

 tion of the phylloxera. The galls are at once recognizable, and appear 

 in midsummer, while the root-form may be detected by little swellings on 

 the rootlets, in which the small greenish-yellow lice may be detected 

 after close examination. 



The following recapitulation of the different forms in the insect is 

 taken from Professor Riley's article on the Fhyollexera in Johnson's 

 Cyclopedia : 



1. The gall-inhabiting type (gaUwcola), forming galls on the leaves, and presenting — 

 a, The ordinary egg (Fig. 50, c), with which the gall is crowded; 



b, The ordinary larva, (Fig. 50, a, h) ; 

 c, The swollen xjarthenogeuetic mother, without tubercles (Fig. 50, g, h)', 



2. The root-inhabiting type (radicicola), forming knots on the roots, and ]iresenting — 

 o a, The ordinary egg, diftering in nothing from a, except in its slight large average 



size; 

 b h, The ordinary larva, also differing in no respect from i ; 



d, The parthenogenetic, wingless mother, the analogue of c, but covered with 

 tubercles (Fig. 55, g, f) ; 

 e, The more oval form, destined to become winged ; 

 /, The pupa, (Plate LXYIII, Fig. 1 e) ; 



g, The winged, parthenogenetic female (Plate LXYIII, Fig. 1 g, li); 

 h, The sexual egg deposited by g, being of two sizes, and giving birth 

 to the two males and females; 

 {, The male (Plate LXYIII, Fig. 2 <) ; 

 j, The true female (Plate LXYIII, Fig. 2, a, h) ; 

 A", The solitary impregnated egg deposited by^"; 

 hhh, The larva hatched from A:, which, so far as known, does not differ from the 

 ordinary larva, exeejit in its greater proliticacy; 

 ?, The hybernatiug laiva, which differs only from 6 in being 

 rougher and darker. 



The GiiAPE Forester, Alypia octomaciilatu Fabr. (Fig. 53). — Devouring the leases : 

 bright orange, blue and Ijlack banded caterpillars. 



By the time the syriuga is in blossom, the eight-spotted, or grape- 

 forester moth flies about. It is easily 

 known by its black hue, with eight large 

 spots on the wings, two on each wing, 

 those on the fore wings being yellowish, 

 those on the hind wings white. The cat- 

 erpillar is banded with whitish-blue, with 

 black lines, and on the middle of each 

 segment is a broader orange-yellow band 

 dotted with black, with a conspicuous 

 white spot on each side behind. It is an 

 inch and a quarter long. By the middle 

 of July it becomes fully fed, and pupates __ __ 

 in slight webs on the ground or in earthen i> *^*^" "'■"""' a^ 

 cocoons. Hand-picking is the best rem- fig. 53.— The Grape Forester, a, 

 edy. This insect is briefly mentioned here, caterpillar ; b, side view of aseg- 

 from the fact that a similar caterpillar was "'^ut enlarged. 

 very common at Golden, Colo., July 3, 1875, on the wild grapes by the 

 side of the railroad, and when the cultivated Yarieties become reared 

 extensively, it will probably transfer its aflectious from the wild to the 

 cultivated varieties. The caterpillars of several species of similar moths 

 which occur in California, the genus Alypia being, more numerously 

 represented on the Pacific coast than elsewhere, may ultimately be found 

 injurious to the cultivated grape. 



COGS 



