794 REPORT UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



a collar, the entire mass is covered over with a gummy secretion, which 

 hardens, and serves as a protection to the eggs. 



Remedies. — In the early spring as well as late autumn the bunches of 

 eggs should be picked off and burned. When the tents are formed in 

 June the nest should be removed with a mop dipped in oil or kerosene, 

 at noon-time, when the caterpillars are in the tent. By discharging a 

 gun close to the nest it can be destroyed with a small charge of powder. 



Plate LXIX, Fig. 7, represents the caterpillar of GUsiocampa disstria 

 Hiibner {sylvatica Harris), which rarely occurs on apple-trees, being more 

 common on the oak. It is a light blue, with a dorsal rim of eleven 

 white oval spots. The moth, with the eggs, is represented at Fig. 8. 

 There are two species of GUsiocampa in California (6\ calif ornica Pack., 

 and G. constrictu Stretch), and one is troublesome to apple-trees at Salt 

 City, Mr. Barfort tells me, which may in time leave the oak on which it 

 feeds and attack the apple. Both of the eastern tent-caterpillars orig- 

 na ly fed on the oak. 



The Fall Web-Worm, HiipTiantria textor Harris. (Fig. G3.)— Forming large webs on 

 fruit aud forest trees in August ; a liairy, slender, greenish-yellow caterpillar dotted with 

 black, changing to a pnow-white unspotted moth. 



This common and annoying cat- 

 erpillar is universally abundant, 

 weaving its conspicuous web or tent- 

 like structure on the branches of the 

 apple, pear, and cherry, etc., in Au- 

 gust, the worms remaining about 

 until the leaves are nearly ready 

 to fall. They usually eat the leaves 

 on one entire branch and then pass 

 to the next, tying the leaves to- 



"M^wt^MffiMIiiP^ " " ^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ threads. They 



T-i r-} 17 11 w, 1T7 1 7. are easily exterminated by hand- 



FiG. b.i.— Fall Web-Worm, a, larva; 5, „;„i-;,-,„ "^ 



chrysalis; c, moth. (After Riley.) piCKing. 



The Coddling Moth, Carpocapsa pomonella Linn. (Plate LXIX, Fig. 9.) — Eating 

 holes in apples, causing them to fall prematurely; a small flesh-colored worm, trans- 

 forming into a small gray moth. 



This moth, which is such a universal pest in the Eastern States, has 

 for live years past, Mr. Barfort tells me, been injurious to the apples in 

 Salt Lake City. Indeed, it is the only considerable pest of the apple in 

 the Territory, but one that attracts a good deal of attention. Mr. 

 Henry Edwards, of San Francisco, writes me that it has not yet occurred 

 in California. 



The moth lays usually one egg on the blossom end of the fruit early 

 in summer, and the caterpillar hatches in a few days, burrowing di- 

 rectly into the core of the forming fruit. It attains its full size, becom- 

 ing fully fed, in about three weeks, when the apple drops to the ground, 

 and the larva transforms in a thin or sometimes quite thick cocoon 

 in crevices in the bark of the tree, etc., and in a few days after another 

 brood of moths appear, though most of them, as I have found in Maine, 

 remain in their cocoons through the winter in the caterpillar state. In 

 this conditioti I have found them under the loosened bark early in May. 

 Many of the worms. Dr. Le Barm, in his Illinois report, says one-half, 

 instead of waiting for the immature apples to fall, desert the apple and 

 let themselves down by the web or walk down the trunk of the trees. 

 The moth is gray, with numerous darker, transverse lines, and with a 



