EXPERIMENT WITH INDIAN BUFFALO. 37 



E, Marno [47], writing in 1873, stated that Tsetse-flies had 

 been brought to him in Sennaar as being included among the 

 flies known there by the name " Surreta." * The occurrence of 

 a species of Glossina in Sennaar, however, needs confirmation 

 [ff- 12]. Marno adopted much the same view as St. Vincent 

 Erskine [38 — vide supra], expressing the opinion that the bites 

 of flies, whether called Tsetse or Surreta, are only one, and 

 "perhaps even a subordinate factor," in causing the mortality 

 among imported domestic animals, which occurs in certain parts 

 of Africa either throughout the year, or only during the season 

 called Charif in Sennaar, and is actually due to adverse climatic 

 conditions. 



"The Last Journals of David Livingstone" [49], edited by 

 Horace Waller, and published in 1874, are of especial interest 

 from our present point of view, since they contain the account 

 of the bufi'alo and camel experiments already referred to. 

 Unfortunately the experiments were to a large extent vitiated 

 by the ill treatment of the animals by sepoys, whom Livingstone 

 had brought with them from Bombay. The "Journals" contain 

 many references to the Tsetse-fly on the Rovuma River and 

 elsewhere. In the same year Karl Mauch [50] repeated the 

 statement that donkeys and goats are immune to Tsetse-fly 

 disease, and went on to say : — " Only one remedy appears to be 

 effective, and that is based upon homoeopathic principles ; the 

 fly itself, taken internally, makes the punctures innocuous, as I 

 have seen in the case of a dog, . . ." The use by natives of 

 the Tsetse-fly itself as a means of making animals immune to 

 the disease, has been referred to by various writers \Cp. 27i 30) 



55, 97]- 



In 1876, E. Mohr [52] recorded an instance in his own 

 experience of the apparently curative effect of an internal 

 application of "strong doses of eau de I'huis, or extract of 

 ammoniac," in the case of horses suffering from Ely disease, 

 and also stated that goats are immune. 



Dr. Hartmann [53], in the course of remarks on the Tsetse- 

 fly addressed to the " Gesellschaf t naturforschender Ereunde " 

 of Berlin, on July 17, 1877, mentioned the occurrence of a species 

 of Glossina (considered by the lecturer to be identical with Gl. 

 morsitans, Westw., but from his description almost certainly either 

 GL palpalis, Rob.-Desv., or Gl. longipalpis, Wied.) in Loango, 



* Blood-sucking horse-flies {Tabanidm) are commonly spoken of as 

 *' Seroot " flies by Englishmen on the White Nile. 



