FLY-DISEASE IN SOMALILAND. 41 



attained a higher and more scientific standpoint by his conclusion 

 that, " with more intimate knowledge erf the active principle, the 

 disease can be successfully opposed, and will gradually disappear." 

 Although this consummation has not yet been reached, and 

 though no antitoxin for the effects of Trypanosoma brucei in 

 domestic animals has so far been discovered, the lines of practical 

 research were thus foreshadowed by Schoch a dozen years before 

 it was actually attempted, and his name will deserve to be 

 remembered when the investigations that are now being under- 

 taken are at length crowned with success. 



Passing over one or two records of the occurrence of the 

 Tsetse in different localities, as well as another attempt to show 

 that the belief in the harmfulness of the fly is mere prejudice 

 [84], the next publication of importance appeared in the year 

 1884 in the shape of a paper on the Tsetse-fly, by the late Dutch 

 entomologist, F. M. van der Wulp [88], which also included a 

 short bibliography. From a report of further remarks by the 

 same writer [91], published in the following year, it is evident 

 that he sided with those who doubted the stories of the effects of 

 the bite of the Tsetse-fly in domestic animals. In the same year 

 the Austrian dipterist, Josef Mik, also recently deceased, in an 

 abstract [90] of Schoch's paper pointed out the existence of what 

 were supposed to be three additional species of Glossina. 



Among records of the occurrence of Tsetse-flies in different 

 localities, published during the year 1885, a paragraph in a 

 paper by F. L. James [94], entitled, "A Journey through the 

 Somali Country to the Webbe Shebeyli," is worthy of notice 

 from three points of view. The writer states that the Adone, 

 the people living on the Shebeyli, " have large herds of cattle 

 and flocks of sheep, but all these animals are poor and suffer 

 from the fly in the rain and from the ticks in the dry season ; 

 neither camels nor horses are used, for they will only live in the 

 dry season. ..." In this passage the Tsetse is not referred to 

 by name, but we now know that Glossina longipennia, Corti, the 

 SomalUand Tsetse-fly, occurs on the Webbe Shebeyli, and it 

 would seem, therefore, that we have here a definite indication 

 that the species in question is a carrier of the hsematozoon. 

 Secondly, the statement that sheep suffer from the attacks of the 

 fly is of interest, since various writers have mentioned native 

 sheep and native goats as animals immune to Tsetse-fly disease.* 



* Col. Bruce was unable to obtain native sheep and goats for his 

 experiments in Zululand. 



