LUGAKD ON TSETSE IN EAST AFIUCA. 43 



together with the big game, from the Kaap Valley in the 

 Transvaal, as a result of gold-mining operations ; and the 

 ninth edition of the "Encyclopaedia Britannica" gave a short 

 resume of existing knowledge of Glossina morsitans, and its 

 distribution. 



In 1889 the occurrence of " a yellowish-brown Glossina " 

 (doubtless Gl. fusca, Walk,) in the forest at Barombi Station, 

 Cameroons, was recorded by Dr. Preuss [107] ', and in 1890 

 Dr. Holub [no] gave a number of details of the occurrence 

 and effects of the Tsetse in the region of the Zambesi. Among 

 other statements. Dr. Holub gave his reasons for thinking that, 

 under certain circumstances, trekking at night with waggons 

 through a fly-belt may not be such a safeguard as is generally 

 imagined, and also expressed the opinion that the diminutive 

 size of the cattle kept by the Matoka is due to the influence of 

 the fly. 



" Ten Years in Equatoria," by Major Gaetano Casati, pub- 

 lished in 1891, contains the statement that the raising of cattle 

 by the Mambettu, a tribe living to the west of Lake Albert 

 Nyanza, is impossible owing to the presence in their country "of 

 a fly called Tsetse, the stings of which cause death . . . ." In 

 the same year E. A, Maund [112], writing " On Matabele and 

 Mashona Lands," repeated the oft-made assertion that the Tsetse 

 is destined to disappear with the game, and also mentioned the 

 fact, previously recorded by Kerr (vide supra), that the 

 Mashonas administer the dried and pounded fly to their dogs as 

 a prophylactic against the disease. According to Maund the 

 medicine is given on the extremely restricted scale of " a fly a 

 day"! 



Captain (now Sir) F. D. Lugard [115] writing in 1893, 

 emphasised the superior advantages possessed by British East 

 Africa over South Africa, owing to the fact that the former 

 country is "practically free from the Tsetse-fly." He also 

 showed that German East Africa is much worse off", since there, 

 according to Dr. Pruen, " the Tsetse-fly holds undisputed sway " 

 throughout the whole of a broad zone bordering the coast : the 

 fly-belt known to exist near Taita is then discussed. It is 

 perhaps worth w^hile to remark that the knowledge accumulated 

 since the publication of Sir Frederick Lugard's book shows that, 

 especially in the north-eastern portion of British East Africa, the 

 Tsetse-fly is more prevalent than the distinguished administrator 

 supposed. 



