44 GEOGEArHICAL EECOEDS : OSWELL. 



During the same year (1893) there appeared a number of 

 other records of the occurrence of Tsetse-fly in various localities, 

 chiefly in East and South-east Africa. The late Mr. Theodore 

 Bent [ll6], in. a newspaper interview, mentioned the importance 

 of the Beira Railway, in rendering it possible to cross without 

 difiiculty the Tsetse belt through which it passes ; while Majoi* 

 J. J. Leverson [ll8] gave his experience of the fly in the same 

 region, on and near the Pungwe River. Mr. F. J. Jackson, 

 C.B. [119], also in a newspaper interview, discussed the merits 

 of alternative routes to Uganda, with special reference to the 

 presence or absence of the Tsetse-fly, which, as was also stated 

 by Captain Foster [l20], infests some sixty miles of the Sabaki 

 River route, near the Tsavo. Mr. F. C. Selous [l2l], in his 

 volume entitled " Travel and Adventure in South-East Africa," 

 gave numerous details of the occurrence of the fly in Southern 

 Rhodesia ; and the existence of two species of Glossina in the 

 hinterland of the German Protectorate of Togo, West Africa, 

 was recorded by Dr. Karsch [l22]. 



In a letter from Dr. Donaldson Smith [124], published in 

 1894, mention is made of "the dreaded camel-fly of the Webi 

 Shebeli " — doubtless the same species as that referred to nine 

 years earlier by Mr. F. L. James [94 — vide supra]. In the same 

 year Commissioner (now Sir Harry) Johnston [125] dealt with 

 problems raised by the presence of Tsetse-fly in British Central 

 Africa, while its occurrence in British East Africa was referred 

 to by Sir Gerald Portal [126] and Mr. F. J. Jackson [127]. 

 The latter writer mentioned the interesting fact that, although 

 it is supposed by many people that the Tsetse exists only 

 " where game beasts, especially buffaloes, are most plentiful," 

 and though this may be the case in South Africa, in East 

 Africa at any rate the fly-belts, " with the exception of the 

 River Tana," " are almost devoid of game." * The late William 

 Cotton Oswell [128], writing in the same volume as Mr. Jackson 

 on " South Africa Fifty Years Ago," mentioned his experience 

 of Glossina morsitans in that region in the middle of last century, 

 when he hunted with Vardon and was the companion of 

 Livingstone on his earlier travels. 



In 1894, too, Jules de Guerne [129] allied himself with 

 Schoch [83 — vide supra] by stating that : — " Everything leads 



* For further information as to the ability of Tsetse in East Africa 

 to exist independently of game, the reader is referred to the letter 

 from Mr. Jackson printed in Chapter VII., Appendix C, p. 295. 



