iilNDEEPEST AND TSETSE. 47 



when the Tsetse is present in overwhelming numbers. Further 

 on it is stated that the goats which the authors had with them 

 showed no signs of being affected by the fly, and their immunity 

 to the disease is considered to be established.* 



The deaths of cattle and horses from the bites of Tsetse-flies 

 in the Aulihan country, Somaliland, in January, 1896, was 

 recorded by Prince Nicholas Ghika [150] in 1898. In the same 

 year Mr. A. H. Neumann [iSl]? ^^ his volume on " Elephant- 

 Hunting in East Equatorial Africa," stated his experience of 

 Tsetse-flies in British East Africa and on the shores of Lake 

 Rudolph ; in the latter locality he encountered one of the larger 

 species, doubtless Glossina fusca, Walk. Captain Gibbons [152] 

 gave many details as to the occurrence of the Tsetse in Rhodesia, 

 and both this writer and Captain the Hon. Arthur Lawley [153] 

 — the latter in a magazine article referring to the same country — 

 dwelt on the close association of the Tsetse with the big game. 

 According to Captain Gibbons, " where the wild buffalo is to be 

 found in large numbers the Tsetse invariably teems " ; while 

 Captain Lawley states that in the neighbourhood of the River 

 Deka, since the game has been nearly exterminated by rinder- 

 pest, " the fly also has left the country, excepting a few belts of 

 thick bush, and apparently it is gradually disappearing." As we 

 have seen, according to Mr. F. J. Jackson [l27> vide supra], the 

 fly in East Africa is not so intimately associated with big game. 

 Other contributions in 1898 included notes by Mr. W. W. A. 

 Fitzgerald [154] on the Tsetse-fly in the coast lands of British 

 East Africa ; and some interesting observations in a Government 

 Report on the progress of the Uganda Railway [155], in which 

 it is stated that, of the transport animals engaged in supplying 

 the advanced parties with food and water mules were found less 

 susceptible to Tsetse bite than either camels, donkeys, or bullocks. 

 In the same year Dr. Gai'ry de N. Hough [156] identified two 

 specimens collected by Dr. Donaldson Smith in Somaliland in 

 August, 1894, as Glossina longipennis, Corti. ; while a short 

 article in the "Globe" newspaper [157]) of July 11th, 1898, 

 stated that a malady, which had "played havoc" with the 

 horses and transport animals of the Royal Niger Constabulary 

 at Lokoja, had been identified as Tsetse-fly disease. It was also 



* The question of the immunity of the goat to Tsetse-fly disease has 

 tong been a moot point, though more than twenty years ago it was stated 

 by Selous [76] that goats, other than animals whose ancestors had been 

 bred in the Fly -country for generations, enjoy no special immunity 

 whatever. 



