GIIfSCHNEirS CLASSIFICATIOX. 57 



only on the upper side ; while in the closeness of the feathering 

 and the curvature of the hairs on the arista Lyperosia also 

 approaches more nearly to Glossina than does H-dtmatohia. 



In the general shape of the head, on the other hand, and in 

 the relative width of the front in the male, Glossina agrees better 

 with Stomojys than with any of the other genera already referred 

 to, while differing from all of them in having the vibrissal ridges 

 ciliated nearly to the middle, and in being destitute of post- 

 humeral bristles.* 



According to Girschner's most recent exposition of his system 

 for the classification of the Muscid8e,f Glossina and its allies 

 belong to the " Section Muscinse aricisc formes " of the Family 

 Anthomyidas (Girschner, vec Auct.). In an earlier paper by the 

 author in question, | it is stated that the primary ol)ject of 

 the macrochaitai (large bristles) on the pleurae of Muscids is 

 the protection of the stigmata or respiratory apertures. The 

 Calyptrate Muscidie may be divided into two great groups 

 according to the presence or absence of macrocha?tye on the 

 hypopleui-se, protecting the metathoracic stigma ;§ and Giossina 

 and its allies belong to the group, which also includes the 

 Anthomyinfe of authors, in which the hypopleurse are bare. 

 From the generalisation that, " AVe may I'ightly regard those 

 forms as the more perfect (evolved at a later date), that, while 

 having a similar mode of life, are provided with the best protective 

 arrangements," || Girschner proceeds to argue that the allies of 

 Gaenosia, Aricia, Anihomyia and Cijrioneura (the group, therefore, 

 that in his system would include Glossina) are on a lower 

 developmental plane than, e.g., the allies of SarcojyJiaga, Dexia 



* The tevm. post-humeral is here employed in the sense in which it was 

 originally used by Mik (" Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien," xxx. Bd., Jabrg. 1880 

 (1881), p. 350, fourtb line fioni the top), and afterwards by Girschner 

 ("Berl. Ent. Z." xxxviii. Bd. (1893), p. 298), and Hough (" Proc. Acad. 

 Nat. Sci. Philadelphia," 1898, p. 176) ; not as used by Osten Sacken 

 ("Essay of Comparative Chfetotaxy," "Trans. Ent. Soc. Lond." 1884, 

 p. 508): cf. Mik, "Verb. z.-b. Ges. Wien," xxxii. Bd. (Jabrg. 1882), p. 13. 

 Osten Sackeri's post-lnimeral bristles are in the present work termed 

 notopleural, in accordance with Girschner (loc. cit.). 



t E. Girschner, " Ein neues Musciden-System " : " lUustriertc 

 Wochenschrift fur Entomologie," I, Bd. (1896), pp. 12-16, .30-32, etc. 

 (Classification of Muscidse according to setae, etc., characters of families).— 

 Unfortunately I have not been able to consult this paper at first hand, 

 and so have had to rely upon the partial r^sumd furnished by Hough 

 (" Biological Bulletin," Vol. I. (1899), pp. 19-20). 



X " Beitrag zur Systematik der Musciden " : " Berliner Entomologische 

 Zeitschrift," Bd. xxxviii. (1893), p. 299. 



§ Loc. cit., pp. 297, 298. 



11 Loc. cit. p. 299. 



