100 GL. FITSCA.— SYNONYMY AND AFFINITIES. 



smaller kind, when sucking blood, but this I will soon be in a 

 position to report upon. ... I am as yet unable to say whether 

 a different organism is harboured by these flies." * 



Synonymy and Affinities. 



In the year 1873 (" Entomologist," Vol. VI., p. 328) Walker 

 gunk Gl. fmca as a synonym of Gl. longipalpis, Wied., with 

 which of course it has nothing whatever to do. It is a perfectly 

 good species, and with Gl. longipennis, Corti, to which it is very 

 near akin, it forms a group which, by reason of the considerably 

 larger size of the individuals, contrasts strongly with the other 

 species of the genus at present known. The differences between 

 Glossina fusca and Gl. longipennis will be dealt with below under 

 tlie latter species. 



* Captain Haslam's work was unfortunately not destined to be com- 

 pleted, as he lost his life three months after the above-quoted letter was 

 written, while pursuing his investigations upon Tsetse-fly disease in British 

 East Africa. I am indebted to the courtesy of his friend Dr. H. C. L. 

 Scofield, of North Dulwich, for information relating to Captain Haslam's 

 end. Dr. Scofield kindly forwarded to me for perusal letters received by 

 him from Captain Cooper, 7th Dragoon Guards, and Dr. A. T. White, 

 Medical OQicer, Uganda Protectorate, who found and buried Captain 

 Haslam's body, on July 21, 1898. 



Captain Haslam was murdered by Mulukas (a tribe of the Wakikuyu) 

 on July 17, 1898, near the Theka Theka River, Kenia district, British East 

 Africa, while on an expedition in connection with his investigations upon 

 Tsetse-fly disease. He was killed by a spear-wound through the back, and 

 his body (much mutilated) was found four days later by Captain Cooper 

 and Dr. White, who were returning from an expedition to punish the 

 natives for an attack on Captain Cooper's camp. Captain Haslam's 

 remains were interred, with military honours, close to the spot where 

 they were found, but were afterwards taken into Kikuyu and buried by 

 the side of the grave of Captain Nelson, who had travelled with Stanley. 

 Of the results already achieved by Captain Haslam before his untimely 

 death. Dr. White writes as follows: "1 only hope that some means will be 

 found of publishing his notes on the Fly disease, at which he had done so 

 much valuable work. I met him for some time at Machakos, where we 

 did a good deal of work together at the microscopic examination of the 

 blood of the local Horse-tiies, not the Tsetse, and one could not help being 

 struck by the amount of work he had already done, — work of the very 

 greatest value for the future of this country." 



That Captain Haslam fully appreciated the possibility that the parasite 

 of Nagana may be conveyed by blood-sucking flies other than Glossina is 

 evident, and his discovery of Trypanosoma in a species of Stvmoxys 

 is alluded to in Chapter 'Vll., Appendix E (p. 304). It is therefore 

 with keen regret that I learn that Dr. White's hopes are vain, and 

 that yet another name must be added to the roll of those martyrs to 

 science who have perished and "have no memorial." In a letter to the 

 author on June 4, 1902, Dr. Scofield wrote: "I have received further 

 communications stating that the papers containing Captain Haslam's 

 notes of his researches were hopelessly lost in the looting following his 

 murder." 



