154 LIVINGSTONE'S "LAST JOUENALS." 



Tsetse : " This Dipteron, named in South Africa Tsetse, 

 in Sennaar Surreta, is commonly looked upon as the cause 

 of the perishing of domestic animals in many regions, in 

 consequence of which its evil reputation has since the 

 earliest times extended even to Europe. It is a fact, 

 that in Sennaar in and shortly after the wet season the 

 mortality among human beings and domestic animals is 

 much greater than at other times. . . ." Possibly the 

 insect in question is a malaria-carrying gnat {Anoplieles). 



Marno considers that the bites of flies, whether called 

 Tsetse or Surreta, under which names the natives include 

 a large number of species, are only one, and " perhaps 

 even a subordinate factor" in causing the mortality among 

 imported domestic animals, which occurs in certain parts of 

 Africa either throughout the year, or only during the Charif, 

 and is actually due to adverse climatic conditions. 



48. 1874. Dr. Grube. 



" Uber die Tsetsefliege " (Ein-imd-funfzigster Jalires- 

 Bericht der Sclilesischen GeseUscliaft fur vaterldndische 

 Cultur (Breslau : G. P. Aderholz' Buchhandlung), pp. 

 50-51). 



Report of a lecture (with exhibition of a specimen 

 of a Tsetse-fly provided by Prof. Loew) delivered by 

 Dr. Grube at a meeting of the " naturwissenschaftliche 

 Section" of the Gesellschaft, held October 29, 1872.— 

 A resume of Livingstone's observations. 



49. 1874. David Livingstone. 



" The Last Journals of David Livingstone, in 

 Central Africa, From 1865 to his Death." Edited by 

 Horace Waller, F.R.G.S. (London : John Murray). 



Livingstone's experiment with camels and Indian hujjfaloes 

 introduced from Bombay. 



Mikindany Harbour, north of the mouth of the 

 Rovuma River, March 29-30, 1866.—" The people have 

 no cattle, but say there are no Tsetse-flies. . . . The 

 adjacent country has large game at difierent water pools, 

 and as the whole country is somewhat elevated it probably 

 is healthy " (Vol. I., p. 15). 



" 8th April [1866]. — We spent the Sunday at a village 

 called Nyangedi [about three miles inland from Mikindany 

 Bay]. Here on the evening of the 7th April our buffaloes 



