DOUBTFUL EESULT. 157 



they died from sheer bad treatmeut and hard work " 

 (Vol. I., p. 42). 



2nd June, 1866. Locality as above. — "From the 

 appearance of the cow-buffalo, I fear the Tsetse is its 

 chief enemy, but there is a place like a bayonet-wound on 

 its shoulder, and many of the wounds or bruises on the 

 camels were so probed that I suspect the sepoys." . . . 

 ***** 



..." the European house-fly chases away the blue- 

 bottle-fly in New Zealand. Settlers have carried the 

 house-fly in bottles and boxes for their new locations, but 

 what European insect will follow us and extirpate the 

 Tsetse? The Arabs have given the Makonde bugs, but 

 we have the house-fly wherever we go, the blue-bottle and 

 another like the house-fly, but with a sharp proboscis* ; 

 and several enormous gad-flies. Here there is so much 

 room for everything. . . . 



. . . the wild hogs abound and do much damage, besides 

 affording food for the Tsetse : . . ." 



Srd June, 1866. Same locality. — " The cow-buffalo fell 

 down foaming at the mouth, and expii'ed. The meat 

 looks fat and nice, and is relished by the people, a little 

 glariness seems to be present on the fore leg, and I some- 

 times think that, notwithstanding the dissimilarity of the 

 symptoms observed in the camels and buffaloes now, and 

 those we saw in the oxen and horses, the evil may be 

 the Tsetse after all, but they have been badly used, 

 without a doubt. The calf has a cut half an inch deep, 

 and the camels have had large ulcers, and at last a 

 peculiar smell, which portends death. I feel perplexed, 

 and not at all certain as to the real causes of death " f 

 (Vol. I., pp. 44-45). 



* Stomoxys.—E. E. A. 



t According to Laveran and Mesnil (XXI., p. 47, note 7), Lingard 

 found Surra to be fatal to the buffalo in India (duration of the malady 

 125 and 51 day3 in two experiments), while Penning found it likewise 

 fatal to buffaloes in the Dutch E. Indies. The prolonged course of the 

 malady in these animals, as evidenced by Lingard's experiments, would 

 seem to show that Livingstone's buffaloes may really have been suffering 

 from Nagana at the time of their deaths. 



As to camels, Laveran and Mesnil (op. cit., p. 48) write : " In the 

 dromedary Nagana develops pretty rapidly; in the Asiatic camel the 

 course of Surra is sometimes pretty rapid, and at other times very slow ; 

 it may even last three years (whence the name tei-barsa, signifying three 

 years, given to the malady of camels in certain districts of India)." 

 — E. E. A. 



