158 OBSEEVATLONS ON FLY-DISEASE IN DONKEYS. 



2Qth June, 1866. Further west, along the south, hank 

 of the Bovuma. — "My last mule died" (Vol. I., p. 61). 



10^^ December, 1870. In the 3Ianyuema country, to 

 the east of the Lualaba B. — "Lion's fat is regarded as 

 a sure preventive of Tsetse or bungo.* This was noted 

 before, but I add now that it is smeared on the ox's tail, 

 and preserves hundreds of the Bany am wesi cattle in safety 

 while going to the coast ; it is also used to keep pigs and 

 hippopotami away from gardens : the smell is probably the 

 efficacious part in ' Heresi,' as they call it " (Vol. IL, p. 87). 



10th August, 1871. Near Mamohela, Manyuema coun- 

 try. — " Lion's fat smeared on the tails of oxen taken 

 through a country abounding in Tsetse, or bungo, is a 

 sure preventive ; when I heard of this, I thought that 

 lion's fat would be . as difficult of collection as gnat's 

 brains or mosquito tongues, but I was assured that many 

 lions are killed on the Basango highland, and they, in 

 common with all beasts there, are extremely fat ; so it is 

 not at all difficult to buy a calabash of the preventive, 

 and Banyamwezi, desirous of taking cattle to the coast for 

 sale, know the substance, and use it successfully (?) " 

 (Vol. IL, pp. 149-150). 



IQth November, 1872. Near the Kalamho B. at the 

 south-east end of Lake Tanganyika. — " The donkey is 

 recovering ; it was distinctly the effects of Tsetse, for the 

 eyes and all the mouth and nostrils swelled. Another 

 died at Kwihara with every symptom of Tsetse poi.son 

 fully developed " (Vol. IL, p. 247). 



With reference to the foregoing passage the editor 

 writes as follows : — "The above remarks on the suscepti- 

 bility of the donkey to the bite of the Tsetse-fly are 

 exceedingly important. Hitherto Dr. Livingstone had 

 always maintained, as the result of his own observations, 

 that this animal, at all events, could be taken through 

 districts in which horses, mules, dogs, and oxen would 

 perish to a certainty. With the keen perception and 

 perseverance of one who was exploring Africa with a view 

 to open it up for Europeans, he laid great stress on these 

 experiments, and there is no doubt that the distinct result 

 which he here arrived at must have a very significant 



* This statement appears to have been obtained b}' Pr. Livingstone 

 from the Arabs. — R. E. A. 



