EXPEEIMENT WITH INDIAN ELEPHANTS. 187 



liminary journey so far ; . . . " " More than this, we 

 were to introduce a new (for Central Africa, at least) 

 system of transport — ^bullock waggons. Landing at 

 Saadani in June [1877], we at once commenced training 

 bullocks for this service, and at the latter end of July 

 we really started for the interior with our bullock train. 

 Succeeding eventually in reaching Kirasa [in the Mukon- 

 dokwa valley], the bullock transport came to an end by 

 the death of these animals by the Tsetse-fly. Every other 

 difficulty had been overcome for 150 miles of the most 

 difficult part of the road, and only in respect of the fatal 

 Tsetse can this experiment be called a failure " (pp. 1-2). 



The Tsetse-fly on the shores of Lalce Tanganyika. 



"The Tsetse-fly abounds on the lake shores from 

 Ujiji round the south end and so up the west coast as far 

 as Ubwari " (p. 2). 



[The author met Capt. Carter, of the elephant expe- 

 dition,* at the station of the African International 

 Association at Karema, on March 26, 1880 (p. 14).] 



" I was impressed very favourably with the accounts, 

 and with what I saw of the elephant work. The surviving 

 animal was one which for many years in India had done 

 no work, and Carter was about to leave Karema for the 

 coast to receive some more elephants from India with 

 which he was to start the work of catching and taming 

 the African ones. Why this work has been abandoned 

 I cannot tell. It has been proved that waggons can be 

 got through, but we cannot use bullock waggons on 

 account of the Tsetse. I think it has been proved that 

 elephants can be got through, but that they would not 

 answer because of the immense labour and the number of 

 men required to load and unload them daily, and because 

 of the great weight concentrated on four points on shaky 

 ground. By using elephant waggons both difficulties 

 would be done away with, and both successes usefully 

 combined" (pp. 14-15). 



79. 1882. L. K. Rankin. 



" The Elephant Experiment in Africa : a brief 



ACCOUNT OF THE BELGIAN ElEPHANT EXPEDITION ON THE 



MARCH FROM Dar-es-Salaam TO MpwAPWA " {Proceedings 

 * Cf. [66, 79]. 



