TSETSE IN TEANSVAAL. 201 



wooded, but the forests are only composed of small trees, 

 in which the Tsetse-fly abounds." 



105. 1888. F. Jeppe. 



"The Kaap Gold-fields op the Transvaal" {Pro- 

 ceedings of the Boyal GeograpMcal Society and Montldy 

 Record of Geography. New Monthly Series. Vol. X., 

 p. 441). 



Partial disappearance of the Tsetse-fly together loith 

 game from the Kaap Valley. — "Game has almost dis- 

 appeared, frightened by the reports of the dynamite and 

 the prospector's gun, and the Tsetse-fly has gone away 

 with the game, save in some parts of the valley. The 

 valley, formerly teeming with all kinds of game, from the 

 elephant to the steinbuck, is now deserted except by a 

 stray leopard in the kloofs, or the lion on the Lebombo 

 flats, where more game is found." 



105a. 1888. Prof. A. H. Keane. 



Article "Transvaal" in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 

 9th edition. Vol. XXIII., p. 518. 



" A tsetse belt 40 miles wide along the whole course 

 of the Limpopo still bars the spread of European settle- 

 ments beyond Transvaal in the direction of the Zambesi." 



106. 1888. 



"Tsetse-fly (Glossina morsitans)" {Encyclopaedia 

 Britannica, 9th edition, Vol. XXIII., p. 601). 



A short article. — " At present no cure is known for 

 the bite, nor does inoculation seem to afford aiiy pro- 

 tection. The fly is said to avoid animal excreta, and in 

 some parts a paste composed of milk and manure is 

 smeared on cattle which are about to pass through the 

 ' fly-belts.' This affords a certain amount of protection. 

 Lion's fat is used in the same way, and is said to be 

 efficacious. 



" The fly is found as a rule in the neighbourhood of 

 water, and its habitat is usually sharply defined. Often 

 it occurs on one side of a stream, but not on the other. 

 The limits of the ' fly -belts ' are well known to the 

 natives, and travellers can ensure comparative safety to 

 their cattle by passing through these districts after 

 sundown. The northern limits of the area inhabited by 



