TSETSE NEAR PANDA-MA-TENKA. 203 



110. 1890. Dr. E. Holub. 



"Von der Oapstadt ins Land der Maschukulumbe." 

 Reisen im sudlichen Afrika in den Jahren 1883-1887. 

 (Wien: Alfred Holder), II. Band, pp. 10-12, 191, 398, 

 483, et seq. 



From Panda-ma-TenJca to Gaziingula, June, 1886. 



[Translation.] "In the night between June 1st and 2nd 

 ■vve set out in order by the aid of the waggon to transport 

 the greater part of my belongings to the mouth of the 

 Chobe — i.e., to the southern bank of the Zambesi, which, 

 on account of a shady Gazungula tree which stands 

 directly on the shore, is called Gazungula — there to 

 remain until we crossed the Zambesi. . . . We found 

 ourselves obliged, as already mentioned, to cover the 

 intervening space by night, since on part of the road 

 to be traversed the Tsetse-fly was still to be found 

 during the heat of the day, so that this spot could 

 only be passed at night. If, as it has hitherto been 

 customary to believe, the Tsetse-fly is really the destructive 

 agent that kills our domestic animals in certain districts 

 of Africa by means of its poisonous bite, it is, in my 

 opinion, no protection to pass certain thickly wooded 

 laterite knolls, which usually cross our path at right 

 angles and are infested by Tsetse, in the night, that is at 

 a time when this dangerous insect is resting on twigs 

 asleep. The path is so narrow and the trees are so close 

 to it, that it is quite impossible to pass without the trek- 

 oxen and the waggon scraping against the twigs and so 

 shaking ofi" the Tsetse and carrying them along with them. 

 I found that at the time of my first visit, on the section 

 from Panda-ma-Tenka to the mouth of the Chobe, the 

 Tsetse-fly extended from Schneemann's Pan (12 English 

 • ' miles from Leschumo Station) to the Chobe mouth. 

 Since then, in consequence of periodical forest tires, 

 the Tsetse-fly in this district has gradually been destroyed, 

 until it has been restricted to one laterite knoll close to 

 the spot where the Leschumo Valley opens into that of 

 ' the Zambesi. 



*' As, however, a waggon passed this spot at the 

 most twice or three times a year, no opportunity was 

 afforded for transporting the poisonous fly to any con- 

 siderable extent, and it remained confined to the narrow 



