232 DONKEYS AND TSETSE-FLY DISEASE. 



148. 1897. Mary H. Kingsley. 



" Travels in West Africa " (London : Macmillan 

 & Co.). 



Tsetse-fly on the Gold Coast. 



A made road running up country on the Gold Coast 

 " cannot be of use for draught animals, because of the 

 horse-sickness and Tsetse-fly which occur as soon as you 

 get into the forest behind the littoral region " (p. 637). 



149. 1897. Aurel Schulz, M.D., and August Hammar. 



" The New Africa : A Journey up the Chobe and 

 down the Okovanga Rivers. A Record of Exploration 

 and Sport " (London : William Heinemann), pp. 67-68. 



Tsetse-fly on the swampy off-shoots from the Chobe River, 

 July, 1884. 



" Oh, those horrid swamps, worse for the reason tliat 

 our donkeys were badly Tsetse-fly bitten, and the immer- 

 sion of their hides in the water would inevitably hasten 

 their death, although donkeys show more resistance to 

 ' fly -bite ' than any other domestic animals. But, given 

 such swarms of ' fly ' as we encountered, even this hardy 

 brute will succumb, as ours eventually did, to the vii-ulence 

 of this pest. It has often been asserted, not without 

 mild proof, that the donkey of all domestic animals is the 

 only one that will survive the Tsetse-fly bite. I myself 

 have seen them traverse safely the distance from Delagoa 

 Bay to Lydenburg in the Z. A. R. in 1874, when that 

 counti-y was thickly infested with flies that killed cattle, 

 horses, and even the few camels that were imported as 

 an experiment. But when bitten by such overwhelming 

 swarms as we experienced, poor Jack and Jenny succumb 

 in the usual way. The most sensitive animal to fly -bite 

 is the horse, then the dog, next the ox, and last the 

 donkey. The bites of five Tsetse-flies have been known 

 to kill a horse, while it takes a much larger number to 

 kill a dog or ox. Experiments have been made by 

 travellers to counteract the effect of fly-bite by a wash of 

 ammonia or sheep dip. Whatever effect these may have 

 for the moment, the subsequent and continuous bites 

 generally are victorious in the end. My esteemed friend, 

 Mr. Reuben Beningfield, of Durban, however, declares 

 that he has cured animals only slightly bitten, and 



