240 TSETSE AND BIG GAME. 



the other vai-ieties have suffered severely, especially the 

 wild pig. 



" I afterwards learnt from the Barotse that before the 

 Basuto invasion this district was thickly inhabited and 

 rich in cattle. The Tsetse-fly was not then known between 

 Deka and Gwaai to the east and Deka and the Zambesi 

 to the north. After their invasion the natives were either 

 killed by alternate raids from the Barotse and Matabele, 

 or else they moved elsewhere, taking their cattle with 

 them. Then the game returned, and with the game came 

 the Tsetse-fly. Two years ago, the fly were very numerous, 

 and the country east of the Pandamatenka road was on 

 this account impassable for cattle and mules. Now that 

 the game has been almost exterminated by rinderpest, the 

 fly also has left the country, excepting a few belts of thick 

 bush, and apparently it is gradually disappearing. All of 

 which goes, in my opinion, to prove that the Tsetse-fly 

 moves with the big game of the country, and that, with 

 the latter, it is bound to disappear before the advance of 

 civilisation." 



154. 1898. W. W. A. Fitzgerald. 



" Travels in the Coastlands op British East Africa 

 AND the Islands op Zanzibar and Pemba " (London : 

 Chapman & Hall, Ltd.), pp. 355-357, 358, 419, 432, 434. 



" One impediment to the future agricultural develop- 

 ment of this part of the country (existing in East Africa, 

 however, to a much less extent than in any other part of 

 the Continent) is the presence of the Tsetse-fly. A variety 

 of it, and another species, a gad-fly, are found in Witu. 

 In the lower coast region, between Mombasa and Uganda, 

 the Tsetse-fly is said to be localised in a comparatively 

 narrow belt, easily passed during the night, and there is 

 no doubt that the destruction of cattle and game during 

 the epidemic considerably lessened the numbers of this 

 insect pest. In Witu, too, the variety known there 

 appeal's to be confined to a very limited area, chiefly forest, 

 and in which Utwani is included. The AVa-Galla are 

 accustomed to guard against the fly (called locally 

 " Ganda "), when driving their cattle through the forest, 

 by doing so at night, and by lighting large tires, the smoke 

 of which acts as a protection to the cattle " (p. 355, et seq.). 



