TSETSE NEAR LAKE XYASA. 289 



and for some little time after he has commenced sucking, he 

 works his wings, buzzing in a minor key, rather like a bee when 

 held forcibly, though not so powerfully : when the keenness of his 

 appetite has been somewhat appeased, he stops working his wings 

 and sucks in silence. If left to himself, he will suck untU his 

 originally skinny barred abdomen becomes a large crimson bead. 

 He is then almost helpless : if touched he will not fly, and if 

 brushed off he will only go a yard or two, to settle heavily on a 

 bush, or gradually sink down to the ground. 



" A common habit of ' Tse-Tse ' is to sit on paths and game- 

 tracks, by day and on moonlight nights. They then fly up and 

 attack the first person who comes along, and follow him up in 

 an ever-increasing swarm, so that the leader of a caravan will 

 soon have forty or fifty about him ; whereas the men behind will 

 hardly have one. 



"In 1893-1895, I took 'Tse-Tse' [Glossina morsitans, Westw. 

 — E. E. A.] in Henga — the highlands to the S.W. of Deep Bay, 

 the altitude of which is some 3,300 feet. There are not many 

 there now : I doubt if one could take a dozen in a day. Those 

 I collected were most of them taken at the foot of Jakwa 

 Mountain, close to the junction of the Rukuru River with the 

 Lunyina : but they were to be found along the entire course of 

 the Lunyina River, even in the gorge through which it flows 

 into the lake, where there are still bufialo. 



" The Ahenga, Ankamanga and Atumbuka know this insect 

 as ' Kasyembi.' The Awemba, of Itawa and Kabwiri, know it as 

 ' Chisemberi ' : pi. ' Visemberi.' 



" The Arabs and Coastmen had a wholesome dread of the 

 ' Tse-Tse ' of the Mweru Country : I was warned what to expect 

 in Kabwiri by Abdallah bin Suleiman, of Kavuta, two or three 

 days before I encountered them in any numbers. In the Upper 

 Loangwa River Valley, some seven days' journey south-west from 

 the north end of Lake Nyasa, ' Tse-Tse ' were plentiful in August 

 and September last year. I collected specimens which Mr. Austen 

 has determined to be Glossina morsitans, Westw. The altitude 

 of this part of the Loangwa Valley is 2,250 feet; there is a gi'eat 

 deal of game there, including elephants in the rains. 



" In February, 1895, when visiting the recently established 

 Administration post at Kaporo, at the north end of Lake Nyasa, 

 I caught some very large ' Tse-Tse ' * belonging to a species new 

 to me, much larger and darker than Gl. morsitans. These I 

 found sitting on the path at sunset : they did not bite. Two 

 specimens of these I sent home, a third I have by me." 



Richard Crawshav. 

 London, 



June 17th, 1896. 



* Glossina fusca, Walk., q.v. — E. E. A. 



