usually rounded, but sometimes more or less cleft superiorly, and 

 occasionally furnished with a pair of spines or horns. The pupse are 

 more elongate than those of the Da7iain€e, but still thick and rounded, 

 only a few of them exhibiting any approach to angular prominences. 

 In these characters, however, the earlier states of the Satyrince very 

 much resemble not only those of the Brassolince, but also those of the 

 large and important portion of the Nymphalincc represented by the 

 genera Apatura, Charaxes, &c. The rest of the JVymjyhalincc agree 

 with the Heliconincc and Acrceince in the larv£e being thickly set with 

 branched or bristled spines, but only a portion of the first-named group 

 have the head armed with spines as well as the rest of the body. The 

 pupae are elongated in both Heliconincc and Acrminm ; they appear to 

 be almost without angles in the former, and are only bluntly angulated 

 in the latter ; but those of the Nymphalinm with spinose larvae are 

 much thicker, more curved abdominally, and prominently angulated, 

 with the head strongly bifid. 



The Family Nymph alidas is better rejaresented in South Africa 

 than any other, thirty-five genera being recorded, comprising 1 1 8 

 known species. The Sub-Family Nymj)lialincB is by far the richest, 

 including five more genera (20) and four more species (61) than 

 those of the three other Sub-Families combined. The Satyrinm 

 follow with nine genera and twenty-nine species, and after them the 

 Acrceince with four genera and twenty-four species, while the Danaince 

 present only two genera and four species. With respect to the last, it 

 should be remarked that their very small number does but reflect the 

 poverty with which the Danainoi are represented in Africa generally, 

 only fourteen species belonging to three genera being known from the 

 whole Ethiopian Region. This paucity of forms is the more singular 

 because these African Danaince are unquestionably protected species, 

 and no less than nine of the fourteen are known to be the direct objects 

 of mimicry by butterflies of other groups. Even more striking, how- 

 ever, is the scarcity of the Acrceince to the eastward of Africa, only 

 three species being known from the entire Oriental Region, and only 

 two from the Australian Region ; but not one of these five species is, 

 so far as I am aware, the object of mimicry, whereas numerous cases of 

 this occur among the African, and some among the American Acrceinoi. 



Sub-Family i. — DANAIN^. 



Danaides and Heliconides (part), Boisd., Sp. Gen. Lep,, i. p. 165 (1836). 

 Danaidce and Heliconidce (part), Doubl. and Westw., Gen. Diurn. Lep., 



i. pp. 84, 96 (1847). 

 Danaince, Bates, Journ. Ent., 1861, p. 220; 1864, p. 176. 



Imago. — Head of moderate size, or rather small ; eyes oval, pro- 

 minent, naked ; palpi slender, short, divergent, rising but little above 



