DANAIN^. 51 



Pupa. — Thickest abdominal segment with a dorsal and lateral half 

 ring, ridged and finely tuberculated. 



The first {Amauris, Hiibn.) and fourth (Ideopsis, Horsf.) sections 

 of this genus, established by E. Doubleday (op. cit.), have been separated 

 by later writers, Danais as restricted including the two sections of 

 which D. Chrysippus (Linn.) and D. Limniace {Cram) are represen- 

 tatives. Besides the different form and slightly different position of 

 the sac in the hind- wings of the $, the sections are distinguishable by 

 a very different colouring, the Chrysippus group being chiefly ochre- 

 red with white-spotted black margins, while the Limniace group has 

 the wings blackish or brown with greenish or whitish stripes and spots 

 between the nervures. 



It is curious that of this genus, containing about forty species and 

 the most widely distributed of the Sub-Family, only two species should 

 be found in the whole of the African continent. D. CJirysip>pus ranges 

 all over Africa, and is a common species all through the Southern 

 Extra-Tropical Sub-Region; but the other, a variety of D. Limniace 

 which was named Petiverana by Doubleday (and subsequently Leonora 

 by Mr. A. G. Butler), representing so decidedly Oriental and Australian 

 a form, has hitherto only been brought from the Gold Coast and Angola 

 on the west, and from Mombas and the Upper Nile on the east. It 

 is very probable that other races of this section of Danais will be found 

 to inhabit Eastern and Central Africa, and possibly a representative 

 may extend as far as the Delagoa Bay district. 



The dominant American species, D. Erip)pus (Cram.), which is 

 apparently abundant from Canada to Uruguay, is at the present time 

 ranging widely afield, having of late years appeared in New Zealand, 

 and even been captured in England. D. Ghrysippns (as will be seen 

 below) has also an immensely wide, though different, distribution, 

 extending north and south from Southern Italy to Cape Town, and 

 west and east from Sierra Leone to Timor. 



1. (1.) Danais Chrysippus (Linnaeus). 



Fapilio Chrysippus, Iaivo.., Mus. Lud. Ulr. Reg., p. 263, n. 82 (1764); 



Syst. Nat., ed. xii., torn, i., pars 2, p. 767, n. 119 (1767). 

 Papilio Chrysippus, Cram., Pap. Exot., pi. cxviii. ff. b, c. (1779). 

 (J and $, Limnas fernu). Chrysippus, Hlibn., Samml. Exot. Schmett.,bd. 



i. (1806); Eiiplcea Chrysippe, Hlibn., Verz. Bek. Schmett., p. 15, 



n. 81 (1816). 

 Danais Chrysippe, Godt., Encyc. Meth., ix. p. 187, n. 38 (1819). 

 (J, 5 J and Vars., Danais Chrysipp2is, Trim., Ehop. Afr. Aust., i. p. 88, 



n. 56 (1862), and ii. p. 333 (1866). 

 5 , Danais Chrysip>2ms, Trim., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond., vol. xxvi. pi. 42, 



f. 5 (1869). 

 Var. A. Papiho Alcippius, Cram., o^). at., pi. cxxvii. £f. b, f. [tj]. 

 Var. B. Euploea Dorippus, Klug, Symb. Phys., dec. v. t. 48. ff. 1-5 (1845). 

 $ , Danais Dorippus, Oberthiir, Etudes d'Ent., iii. pi. i, f. 5 

 (1878). 



