SATYEII^^. 63 



but in several genera hairy ; palpi more or less iflattened or compressed 

 laterally, rather long, ascendant, nearly always very hairy beneath ; 

 antennce usually short and slender, with the terminal club generally 

 very long and gradually formed, and in some genera scarcely notice- 

 able. Thorax short and narrow. Fore-wings large and broad, the hind- 

 margin commonly entire, without angulation or dentation ; discoidal 

 cell rather long, always closed ; one or more of the nervures generally 

 more or less swollen at the base. Hind-ivings large, usually rounded, 

 but in some genera tailed or angulated at extremity of third median 

 nervule, and in one {Coracles, Hewits.) at anal angle ; discoidal cell 

 closed ; groove or channel formed by inner margins shallow and incom- 

 plete, generally leaving the apical half of abdomen exposed. Middle 

 and hind legs rather short and slender ; the femora often finely hairy, 

 the tibise scaly and often spinose, the tarsi usually finely spinose. 

 Fore-legs very small, or even minute (especially in the S); sometimes 

 altogether concealed by the hairy clothing of the thorax. Abdomen 

 slender, rather short, seldom more than two-thirds of the length of the 

 hind-wings. 



Larva. — Smooth or (more commonly) pubescent, attenuated towards 

 hinder extremity, which terminates in two more or less pronounced 

 points or in a bifid fork. Head superiorly often bifid, sometimes with 

 two distinct horns. 



Pupa. — Moderately long, but rather thick ; not or only bluntly 

 angulated ; head rounded or more or less bifid. 



The Satyrinm are, on the whole, probably nearer to the Nymphalinm 

 than to any other group, being certainly in all their stages not far 

 removed from Morpho and the allied genera, or very far from the section 

 represented by Apatura^ &c., as regards their earlier stages. The 

 generally weaker structure, thinner and less rigid wings, shorter and 

 more slender antennge, very prevalent inflation of the bases of the 

 nervures of the fore-wing, and constantly closed discoidal cell and 

 incomplete inner-marginal groove of the hind-wings, are characters 

 serving to distinguish the perfect insects from the Nymphalinm gene- 

 rally ; while the extreme atrophy of the first pair of legs points to a 

 strong afiinity to the Danainm. The relationship to the JSIymphalinm 

 is best shown in some of the larger forms, such as the Indian genus 

 Neorina, Westw., and the South-American Tisiphoiie, Hllbn., in which 

 the fore-wing nervures are not or but slightly dilated, and also in the 

 genera BeMs, Westw., and Melanitis, Fab. It is with some hesitation 

 that I have determined on placing the South- African Mcneris, Westw., 

 among the Satyrinoi, looking to its robust structure generally, and its 

 long and rather thick antenna ; but the hirsute palpi and eyes, the 

 striking development of the ocellated spots of the hind-wings, the 

 habits of the butterfly, and the characters presented by its larva and 

 pupa, taken altogether, seem to justify the position so long ago assigned 

 to this fine insect by Hlibner. 



