XY-ArrnALix.E. 243 



(but particularly in the ^ as regards the fore-wings) very much lono-er. 

 The species to which Tugcla seems actually most nearly allied (settino- 

 aside the colour of the transverse band) are P. Pdarga (Fab.) and P. 

 Koivara (Ward) from West Africa, both of which present almost the 

 same outline of wings, description of spots in discal row, and inner 

 indentation of the band on the fore-wings. 



I met with a single specimen of this butterfly in Xatal on the 8th March 

 1867; it was settled, with expanded wings, on a fern in a densel3'-wooded 

 ravine at Ivranzkop, Tunjumbili, on the Tugela River. This was a ^ ; and I 

 saw no other examples until 1879, when two $s were received at the South- 

 African ]\Iuseum in a fine collection formed by Mr. T. Ayres, with the note 

 tliat they had been taken in the Lj'denburg District of the Transvaal. In 

 May 18S2, in a collection shown to me by Colonel S. Scott, E.A., and stateil 

 to have been made at Maritzburg in jSTatal, I noticed a single specimen of 

 what appeared to be a variety of P. Tugela, having the discal band tinged 

 with rufous. 



Localities of Precis Tugcla. 

 I. South Africa. 

 E. Xatal. 



b. Upper Districts. — Tugela (Tunjumbili). 1 Maritzburg {Colonel S. 

 Scoff). 

 K. Transvaal. — Lydenburg District {T. Ayres). 



Genus SALAMIS. 



Salami's, Boisd., Faune Ent. de Madag., c^'c, p. 46 (1833); Doubl. (Juno- 

 nia, "Section III."), Gen. Diurn. Lep., i. p. 211 (1S49). 



Protogoniomorplia, Wallgrn., Lep. Ehop. Calfr. in K. Sv. Yet.-Akad. Handl., 

 ii. No. I, p. 23 (1857). 



Junonia (part). Trim., Khop. Afr. Aust., i. pp. 124, 125 (1S62). 



Imago. — Characters of Precis generally. Antcnncc shorter, with a 

 narrow, elongated, very gradually formed club. Profhorax very dis- 

 tinctly defined, forming a distinct neck. Discoidal cell in both fore- 

 and hind-wings closed by a very slender nervnle, meeting third median 

 nervule in fore-wings a little beyond, in hind-wings at, its origin. 



Besides the few characters given, there is only the large size of the 

 nine or ten species included in Salamis to distinguish them from Precis. 

 The Malagasy S. Ai(gi(stina, Boisd. (on which the genus was founded), 

 and S. Antcva, Ward, are in outline of wings like the group of Precis 

 represented by P. Tugela, Trim., and P. Kowara (Ward), and their 

 colouring — dull-red and fuscous above and ochreous or ferruginous- 

 brown beneath — is rather sombre ; but the Cacta and Cijtora sections 

 present a handsome bluish-purple upper side, and have rather well- 

 marked ocellated spots on the under side ; while the splendid pearly 

 Anacardii, Linn., and its allies have a most peculiar facies, and aro 

 among the loveliest of known butterflies. 



Salamis is confined to the Ethiopian Ecgion, appearing to be most 

 developed on the Tropical Western Coast, while two species seem to be 



