2 76 SOUTH- AFEICAN BUTTERFLIES. 



legs of ^ small and slender ; femur clothed with long hair infe- 

 riorly, — tibia and tarsus fringed with short hair ; of ^ not very much 

 larger, but throughout with much scantier hair; tarsus much better 

 developed, indistinctly articulate, spinulose at extremity. Middle and 

 hind legs of moderate length, rather thick, scaly ; tarsi with two rows 

 of strong spines beneath and a few small ones above, — the terminal 

 spurs long and strong ; tarsi spiny, especially beneath, where the 

 spines at end of each joint are longer than the rest. 



Abdomen of moderate length, rather stout. 



Larva. — Rather tapering towards head, armed with stout, rigid, 

 branched spines ; head with two erect, elongate, spinose horns. 



Pupa. — Thick, rounded, more or less constricted at junction of 

 thorax and abdomen ; head very bluntly bifid, not prominent ; dorso- 

 thoracic prominence rather elevated posteriorly ; wing-covers bi-angu- 

 lated laterally at and near bases, somewhat projecting at apices ; 

 abdomen strongly arched ; back of thorax with three very small acute 

 tubercles on each side ; back of abdomen with three rows of larger 

 very acute tubercles, and each side with two rows of very small or minute 

 ones. 



Plate I. fig. 5. 



Of this genus, as restricted by recent authors, only one species, 

 the well-known D. Misippus (Linn.) — long called by the name of its 

 near ally, D. Bolina (Linn.) — occurs in South Africa. It is rather a 

 large butterfly, expanding over three inches; the male being of remark- 

 able beauty and instantly recognised by the large purple-ringed white 

 spot which adorns the black upper surface of each wing, while the 

 entirely different female is coloured with reddish-ochreous in close 

 imitation of Danais Chrysippus. As will be seen from the list of 

 localities given below, this species has an immense range over the 

 warmer regions of the globe ; but I think Mr. Wallace (following 

 Westwood, loc. cit.) inaccurately — in his Notes on Eastern Butter - 

 fies in the Transactions of the Entomological Socictij of London for 

 1869, p. 280 — gives it as a native of Australia. Except in copying 

 the varieties of Danais Chrysippus, the female Diadema Misipjnis can- 

 not be termed very variable ; but the female of the closely related I). 

 Bolina is one of the most unstable forms known, exhibiting such 

 numerous variations that quite a formidable array of different names 

 has been assigned to it by various authors. The geographical distribu- 

 tion of this Diadema is also extremely wide, including India, the whole 

 Malayan Archipelago, Australia, and many islands of the Pacific, but 

 not any part of Africa. 



• As Mr. Wallace, however, points out, these two Diademce stand 

 alone in their enormous range, the great majority of the genus occur- 

 ring in the Austro-Malayan Islands only, while six or seven are 

 described from Polynesia. Besides Misippus, the Ethiopian Region 



