3i6 SOUTH- AFRICAN BUTTERFLIES. 



nate ; costa moderately or rather strongly arched, its edge horny and 

 very finely serrated to beyond middle ; hind-margin entire or gently 

 sinuated, more or less hollowed about its middle, but very prominent 

 above and at posterior angle, — sometimes angulated or sub-angulated 

 below apex ; inner margin almost straight ; nervures very strong and 

 rigid ; costal nervure very thick, ending at or a little beyond middle, — 

 first subcostal nervule originating little more than half way between 

 base and extremity of discoidal cell, — second at a little distance before, 

 third at a little distance beyond extremity, the latter ending at apex, 

 fourth not far beyond third, very long, bent downward not very far 

 before apex ; upper and middle disco-cellular nervules very short (the 

 latter rather the longer), not oblique, slightly curved, — lower one very 

 much longer, more slender, slightly or more strongly-curved, joining 

 third median nervule at a considerable distance from latter's origin ; 

 discoidal cell short, narrow. Hind-ioings broad, rather truncate, some- 

 times more or less produced at anal angle ; costa strongly or very 

 strongly arched ; apex rather marked ; hind-margin sinuated or mode- 

 rately dentated, tailed usually on third and first median nervules, but 

 sometimes only on the former, and rarely (in ^) only on the latter ; 

 inner margins long, forming a broad, deep, complete groove, but more 

 or less emarginate beyond middle ; precostal nervure thick, transverse, 

 abruptly bent outwardly near its extremity ; costal nervure much 

 curved, terminating at apex ; upper disco-cellular nervule forming the 

 much-curved base of radial nervule, and united to second subcostal 

 nervule at some distance from latter's origin, — lower one either wanting 

 or extremely attenuated (in the latter case joining median nervure just 

 at origin of its third nervule) ; internal nervure very strong, short, 

 ending at about middle of inner margin. Fore-legs of ^ extremely 

 small, rather thickly clothed with downy hair, — tibia and tarsus 

 together about as long as or a little longer than femur, — tarsus very 

 short ; of $ much larger and longer, scaly, — femur inferiorly finely 

 hairy, especially towards extremity, — tarsus about as long as tibia, 

 thickened and obliquely truncate at extremity (which bears inferiorly 

 three pairs of short spines), with articulations scarcely defined. Middle 

 "and hind legs short, thick, scaly ; tibiaB considerably shorter than femora, 

 often finely and thinly spinulose generally, with two inferior rows of 

 short spines, and short terminal spurs, — tarsi thick, densely spiny be- 

 neath, sometimes finely spinulose above. 



Abdomen short, moderately stout in ^, very robust in $ ; tufted 

 with silky hair inferiorly at base. 



Larva. — Finely granulated, thickened about middle, attenuated 

 towards tail, without spines on body ; head large, wide, flattened, 

 prognathous, and sloping backward, crowned with four spinose horns 

 or processes ; anal segment more or less bifid. 



Pupa. — Very thick, rounded, smooth ; back extremely convex ; 

 head very bluntly bifid ; anal segment with two small round tubercles 



