Bibliographical Notices. 295 



From the above data two important laws may be dodiieed : — 

 1, there are mucedinous spores which have the nature of primary 

 mucoriuean spores ; 2, some mucedinous spores and forms which 

 are identi(5al anatomically and morphologically, have an entirely 

 different i^hysiological nature, since they produce primary mucori- 

 ncan forms which are quite distinct. If the white tufts of mycelium 

 which grow upon excrement, and which, if left alone, would form 

 the yellow masses of Botrytis, are transferred into hollows scooped 

 out of an orange, such tufts become transformed into a PenicUlium- 

 mycelium, upon which the fruit of P. (/lauciim may be observed. 

 The Femcillium-S'pores from the transplanted tufts, or from the ti'ans- 

 formed mucorinean mycelium, produce the yellow masses oi Botrytis 

 Avhen sown on cats' dung. They produce a Pcnicillium-mjcelium, 

 but the ramifications of the latter enlarge, and assume the form of 

 white tufts identical with those which proceed from a sporangial 

 spore or a Botrytls-si)ove. They become covered with Botrytis, the 

 spores of which, sown on fruit, reproduce immediately the primary 

 mucorean form. It is clear, therefore, that the appearance of the 

 different mucedinous forms of Mucor romanus is caused by soil. 

 The Botrytis is a rich form, requiring more nitrogenized matter than 

 Penicilliion, which is a lower form, growing in any place where life 

 can be maintained. 



IV. Torula-form. — Many of the filaments of the septate mycelium 

 of Mucor romanus, when growing on animal dejections, break into 

 cylindrical cellules of various sizes, rounded at each end. These are 

 sometimes the cellules of the mycelium ; but more commonly they 

 are little spore-cellules growing at the summit of the filaments, 

 seven or eight in a row. The filaments usually run horizontallj% 

 and the formation of them resembles that of the mycelial macro- 

 conidia of the Mucors or of the spores of a Torula. These cellules 

 in germination reproduce a Penicillium-my celhim, which either re- 

 produces the same cellules, or which grows normally and yields the 

 fruit of P. ylaucum. This Torula-form never appears on a true 

 mucorinean mycelium ; it must be transformed into a mucedinous 

 mycelium. This is so in many other Mucors, especially M. vulgaris 

 and caninus and in BJiizopus. This Tomla-foTcm. is probably caused 

 by \-ibrionic fermentation ; at least vibrios seem always present with 

 this form. 



V. Ascomycetotis form. — Multicellular, spherical, or slightly elon- 

 gated yellow bodies appear on the mucedinous mycelium of Mucor 

 romanus. They are large enoiigh to be seen with the naked eye. 

 They are always found upon that part of the large mycelium of the 

 primary or Botrytis-s'pores Avhich radiates from the white tufts and 

 extends horizontally over the soil. They are only found on very 

 nitrogenized matter or on dejections. The author has not been able 

 to make them germinate. They certainly belong to Mucor romanus, 

 because macroconidia occur on the same filaments, and these macro- 

 conidia reproduce the primary mucorean form. The author thinks 

 these bodies may be the rudiments of some Ascomycetous or Hy- 

 menomycetous fungus. In upwards of fifty Ascomycrtes which the 



