342 Prof. A. Macalister on the Myology of 



of Rostock, as a human muscle, and has not been noticed be- 

 fore in this animal. Wilder found the retrahens aurem with 

 its upper border toucliing the occipito-frontalis. 



The atollens aurem was very weak and indistinct, not nearly 

 so large as the muscle which Wilder found over the parietal 

 and frontal bones. 



The attrahens aurem I could not distinguish ; but it was 

 found by Wilder as a slip parallel to the anterior border of the 

 occipito-frontalis. The lobe of the ear was very short. 



Of facial muscles the orbicularis palpebrarum was extremely 

 indistinct and weak, but seemed to consist of orbital, ciliary, 

 and subtarsal portions (Moll). A triangular dilatateur supc- 

 rieuT (Bourjut St.-Hilaire) was present ; but the tensor tarsi 

 (Duvenioy and Horner) was scarcely detectable ; and tlie val- 

 vula superior of the nasal duct was very weak and imperfect. 

 The corrugator supercilii was inseparable from the orbicularis 

 palpebrarum, as described by Fabricius in man : this, indeed, 

 is the commonest arrangement among the Primates, as in 

 Troglodytes^ Macacus^ Cercopitlieeus^ Hapale^ Cynoceplialus^ 

 AteleSj MyceteSj Cebus, and Cercocehus this is the arrange- 

 ment. 



The pyramidalis nasi was absent. The compressor nasi 

 was represented by a little cellular tissue. In a Bushwoman, 

 Messrs. Murie and Flower describe it as " distinct, though 

 scanty of fibres." It is generally extremely rudimentary in 

 Quadrumana (Journ. of Anatomy, vol. i. p. 196). The zygo- 

 matics were inseparably united — not an uncommon human 

 anomaly. A slip from the levator labii superioris took origin 

 from the lower border of the tendo palpebrarum ; otherwise 

 this muscle could not be divided into two parts. 



The other facial muscles were destroyed by the disease. 

 The orbital muscles showed nothing abnormal. 



The platysma has been described by Vrolik. I have found 

 this muscle only in rudiment in other Quadrumana ; but in 

 the Chimpanzee it is developed as in man. There was not 

 any other portion of the panniculus carnosus developed, as 

 Dr. Wilder very accurately observes. 



The sterno- and cleido-mastoids were separable and related 

 to each other as in man, the former being the larger of the two 

 in the proportion of 19 to 4; this is noticed by Wilder, but 

 the proportion is not given by him. In the Gorilla, Duvernoy 

 states that the cleido- exceeds the sterno-mastoid, but Prof. 

 Wyman found it not so 5 however, the sterno-mastoid is much 

 the smaller in Cercojyithecus, and the two are inseparable ; it 

 is still smaller but present in Macacus [rhesus, sinicusj iiemcs- 

 trinus,?a\(\. cynomolgus) and Inuus sylvauus : Vrolik states that 



