344 Prof. A. Macalister on the Myology of 



no connexion with the serratus inagnus — a condition which is 

 very constant in all the lower monkeys. The quadrumanous 

 levator clavicul^e (omo-atlantic) was very weak, but present ; 

 it only weighed 3-^ of an ounce avoirdupois on each side : as 

 I have elsewhere described, this is a rare human anomaly. 

 The serratus magnus was divisible into three parts, as in 

 man ; Dr. Wilder found it only cleft into two in his speci- 

 men : the ujjper was attached to the first, second, and third 

 ribs, the second to the fourth and fifth, and the lower to all 

 the ribs between the fifth and twelftli (eleventh,Wilder,p.356). 

 The latissimus dorsi detached from its border a dorsi epitro- 

 chlear, which was short and ended in a fascia in the middle 

 third of the arm, shorter tlian its corresponding part in most 

 other Quadrumana, and proportionally feebler. The occurrence 

 of this muscle as an anomaly in man has been noticed by 

 Bergmann, and more recently by the late Professor Halbertsma 

 (under the name anconeus quintus). It only weighed 4— of 

 an ounce. 



The splenius capitis was quite distinct from the splenius 

 colli, and its origin extended from the fourth to the seventh 

 cervical vertebree : the splenius colli arose from the sjjines of 

 the last cervical and the six upper dorsal vertebrae, and was in- 

 serted into the four upper cervical transverse processes. The 

 division between these muscles is seldom so well marked in 

 Quadrumana. 



The serratus posticus superior passed over the upper pair of 

 ribs, and was inserted into the third, fourth, and fifth. The 

 serratus posticus inferior is larger, but thinner, and attached to 

 the lowest five ribs. The trachelo-mastoid is digastric, and 

 extends from the transverse processes of the uppermost pair 

 of dorsal and lower two cervical vertebra? ; its insertion is as 

 usual. Beneath it is a second, deeper trachelo-mastoid, per- 

 fectly separate, which arises from the transverse processes of 

 the second, tliird, and fourth cervical vertebras, and is inserted 

 underneath the last muscle. I have not found this second 

 trachelo-mastoid in any other quadruman. 



The deeper spinal muscles resemble those of man in all 

 respects. 



The great pectoral was anthropoid, not segmented as de- 

 scribed by Sandifort in the Orang, its clavicular and sternal 

 fibres being inseparable at the insertion ; the former occupied 

 half the clavicle ; the muscle gave rise to a tendon which was 

 split into two laminae. There was no pectoralis quartus, a 

 muscle so commonly existing in other of the lower Primates. 

 The pectoralis minor did not extend beyond the coracoid pro- 

 cess, in which respect it differed from the corresponding muscle 



