298 Dr. J. E. Gray on Chelomans. 



the middle of the sternum is black the whole of its length, and 

 the sides are white or yellow ; but the black seems to extend 

 as the animal grows. The size and number of the spots on 

 the head of the young specimens seem to vary in the different 

 specimens from Ceylon, which makes me think that 31. Sebce 

 is only a variety. 



Emts. 



I. Sides of head and neck with regular lines. Emt/s caspica ; 

 E. pannonica, Asia Minor ; E. Tristrami, Holy Land ; 

 E. arahtca^ Arabia Petrgea ; E. Fraseri, Algiers. 

 II. Head with a spot on temple and a ring behind it; lateral 

 processes of sternum with two spots. Emys jiavipes. 

 III. Head with a spot on the temple. Emys laniaria. 



In the young specimens of E. caspica there is a black-edged 

 red spot in the centre of each costal shield ; the centre of it is 

 often raised, forming a keel. The nuchal shield is not marked 

 with a pale central streak. 



In young E. pannonica there is no indication of this, but 

 the dorsal shields are marked with black-edged, branched, 

 diverging lines. Sternum black, with white spots on the outer 

 side. 



E. arabica is marked with dark-edged branched lines like 

 E. pannonica ; but the nuchal shield has a yellow streak down 

 its centre ; and the sternum is black, with red spots on the outer 

 edge. These may very likely be varieties of caspica ; but we 

 want more specimens of different ages and localities to deter- 

 mine this question. 



Emys laniaria has a spot on the temple, but no distinct ring 

 on the tympanum, only some crescent-shaped marks. The 

 fore legs have yellow lines. The sternum is black beneath and 

 on the lateral processes, with a pale margin and reddish stripe 

 on the suture between the outer end of the pectoral and abdomi- 

 nal plates and the inner edge of the marginal plates, very 

 unlike the colouring of E.fiavipes. Indeed nothing can be 

 more unlike than the colouring of the sides of the head, neck, 

 and feet of these two species ; and they are both most distinct 

 from Mauremys fuUginosa. 



Emys caspica. 

 Upper jaw with aflat alveolar plate, rather broader behind, 

 inner edge gradually tapering off towards the central line. 

 Lower jaw with a rather broad slanting alveolar surface, with a 

 sharp external margin and a very slightly raised internal 

 edge. 



