Madreporarian Genus Astreeopora. 217 
as it is possible to judge from a fragment, everything points 
to their growth being of the type described. 
I have arranged five néWw s species under this division. The 
only specimen previously named is one of Dr. Klunzinger’s 
“A. myriophthalma”’ from Koseir. It is unfortunately only 
a fragment, but it shows all the features just mentioned and 
has an overhanging edge. It could hardly, therefore, belong 
to the explanate forms. In Dr. Klunzinger’s original deserip- 
tion * we read of the coral as being incrusting, 14 centim. 
thick ; but the greater number of the s specimens eathered were 
massive, 6-8 centim., with “ incrusting edges.” This at first 
sight looks as if the same species may adopt either the ex- 
planate or the pulvinate type of growth. This assumption is, 
however, not necessary ; overturned blocks are grown over by 
the living layer 1 in such a way as entirely to justify the term 
“ inerusting.” On the whole, therefore, Dr. Klunzinger’s 
description is quite consistent with the interpretation of the 
species here given. Besides, I was compelled to give 
Dr. Klunzinger’s specimen another name, having identified 
several large, flat, humpy specimens as the true myr riophthalma 
of Lamarck. The new name, “A, Lhrenbergi,” is based 
upon Dr. Klunzinger’s discovery that his specimens are 
specifically identical with Khrenberg’s (Madrepora) Phyllo- 
pora spherostoma et leptostoma }. 
The name “ pulvinate,” or cushion-shaped, given to this 
type of growth was suggested by Lamarck’s species “ pulvi- 
narta,’ ’ which, being only a different growth of A. myrio- 
phthalma, does not “really belong here ; ; but having once 
temporarily arranged it under this heading, I felt at liberty 
to retain the name for this division, especially as the species 
“ nulvinaria,” being suppressed, could lead to no confusion. 
Third Method of Growth: Globular.—This form appears 
to be due to the great lengthening of the calicles, accompanied 
by the rolling of the coenenchymatous skeleton over the edge 
of the epitheca. The earliest stages I have unfortunately not 
seen ; but examination of the available specimens leaves little 
doubt that this is what really takes place. The globes thus 
formed often appear to be free, and may have started on a 
projection or loose portion of the substratum. New en 
cover the old, so that the mass is in time composed of 
system of concentric shells, the upper one alone living (fig. 4). 
As in the glomerate Turbinarians, each new growth seems to 
start from the summit of the globe and to creep down all 
* “Die Korallenthiere des rothen Meeres,’ Th. ii, p. 53 (1879 
+ ‘Beitriige zur Kenntniss d. Korallenthiere des rothen Meeres,’ 1836, 
p. 114. 
