278 Mr. O. M. Bernard on the 
round. The advancing edge is generally restrained by an 
epitheca, which may form a regular pocket-like fold, even 
covering up the calicles. The ccenenchyma may, however, 
roll over this fold and continue to descend (figs. 4 and 5a). 
These balls are sometimes overturned, in which case what 
was the former under-surface is grown over; Lamarck 
describes his specimen of A. punctzfera as being like a cannon- 
ball without any scar of attachment. The single specimen 
in the National Collection, which I have identified with 
Lamarck’s species, shows that the innermost ball (1) round 
which the recent growths have crept had been rolled over 
(fig. 5). 
The difficulty of ascertaining the exact method of develop- 
ment of the globular growth is increased by the fact that the 
dead coral of the older central portions is very often hollowed 
out by boring mollusks. ‘There is, however, in the collection 
a young specimen (too young to name) closely investing a 
dead and corroded fragment of some branched coral. This 
may perhaps be the nucleus of a globular form. 
There are, again, other single specimens which appear as 
if they might belong as well to the pulvinate as to the 
globular growth ; without further material their true position 
can only be guessed. While the pulvinate method of growth 
is quite distinct from the globular, it is possible that there is 
another form of growth connecting the two. 
There were in all four different species showing this method 
of growth, of which two are new *. 
The Calicles.—The calicles are chiefly remarkable for their 
great depth and for the feeble development of the septa, which 
may be present in as many as three cycles. The primaries 
alone project towards the centre as thin lamella, and generally 
only far down in the fossa. ‘The third cycle seldom consists 
of more than fine ridges at the margin, extending but a short 
way down the fossa. 
As in the glomerate Turbinarians, the calicles form tabule 
when, in the pulvinate method of growth, they have to 
lengthen. 
The chief characters of taxonomic value presented by the 
calicles are their average size, their distance from one another, 
the fine structure of their margins, and, when protuberant, 
the character of the protuberance—hemispherical, conical, or 
papilliform. 
* Martin Duncan (Mem. Geol. Survey India, ser. xiv. p. 99, pl. xxv. 
fig. 6) has described a fossil Astreeoporan from Sind, A. hemispherica. 
The base was covered with epitheca and the corallites shallow (?). This 
appears to have belonged to this type of growth. 
