380 Mr. G. Lewis on 
doubt on the matter. I do not think Motschulsky’s names 
are entitled to first rank, as, if allied species had been found 
(as in the case of his Holotrichia parallela), the descriptions 
are so vague that they would probably apply to all. His 
measurement of Chilothorax vitta is 4 lines by 13 line, an 
impossible measurement for an Aphodius said to be “ elon- 
gato-subovatus.”’ 
Hab. Very common in Japan and in many parts of China. 
Aphodius breviusculus, Motschulsky. 
Aphodius breviusculus, Motsch. Bull. Mose. i. p. 170 (1866); Waterh. 
Lc. p. 82. 
This species is generally black, but sometimes the thorax 
is broadly margined with brown and the elytra wholly brown ; 
in other specimens the elytra are black, with a brownish spot 
on the humeral angle. ‘The elytra are punctate-striate. 
L. 33-5 mill. 
Hab. Hakodate. Many examples. 
Aphodius eccoptus, Bates. 
Aphodius eccoptus, Bates, Ent. Month. Mag. xxv. p. 297 (1889). 
“Subgen. Velinoptero (Muls.) referendus. Elongatus, parum con- 
vexus, nigro vel castaneo-fuscus, femoribus ventroque sordide 
testaceis, elytris haud dense recumbente fulvo-pubescentibus ; 
capite discrete punctulato, inermi, clypeo semicirculari, genis haud 
productis, obtusis; thorace apud angulos posticos valde sinuato, 
margine laterali incrassato, basali medio immarginato, disco 
zequaliter discrete punctulato; elytris punctato-striatis, inter- 
stitiis medio convexis sparse punctulatis, striis 3-7 apice abbre- 
viatis ; tibiis posticis apice spinis insequalibus.” 
L. 8 mill. 
This species differs from all in this series in the sinuation 
in the hind angles of the thorax. 
Hab. Nikko and on the Mikuni-togé. I took it very abun- 
dant at Nikko in company with Copris pecuarius, Lew., and 
Oniticellus phaneoides, Westw. 
Aphodius lividus, Olivier. 
Aphodius lividus, Ol. Ent. i. p. 86, t. xxvi. fig. 22. 
This species is usually regarded as a cosmopolitan insect ; 
in the Munich Catalogue the synonymy consists of fourteen 
names; Olivier figured it and Fabricius described it three 
times. 
Hab. Oyayama, Awomori, and Hakodate. Ten examples. 
