4 BRITISH BIRDS. [vol. xin. 



(1828 — New name for Calidris 111.) must be used as the generic 

 name of the Sanderling. (C/. Richmond, Proc. U.S. Nat. 

 Mus., LIIL, p. 581.) 



435. Larus hyperboreus Gunn. 



instead of L. glaucus Briinn. 



Larus glaucus Briinn. 1764 is preoccupied by Larus glaucus 

 Pontoppidan 1763. Therefore : 



Larus hyperboreus Gunnerus, Leem's Beskr. Finn. Lapp., 

 pp. 226, 283 (1767 — Lapland) must be used for the Glaucous 

 GuU. 



In Austral Avian Record, III., pp. 122, 123 (1917), Messrs. 

 Mathews and Iredale criticize our nomenclature of European 

 Bullfinches and give the name Pyrrhula pyrrhula nesa to the 

 British Bullfinch, because, in their opinion Macgillivray's 

 name pileata is a mere synonym of P. pyrrhula. In Brit. 

 Birds, II., p. 131, however, Hartert has fully stated his reasons 

 for avoiding the creation of a new name, and accepting pileata. 

 To repeat shortly : Macgillivray gives as the habitat only 

 Great Britain, adding that it is also said to occur in the northern 

 and temperate parts of Europe, and further that he never 

 saw individuals belonging to another species, " although I 

 have heard it said that such have been met with." It is 

 therefore beyond dispute that Macgillivray only and solely 

 described the British Bullfinch. Messrs. Mathews and Iredale 

 M^ould make his name pileata a synonym of Loxia pyrrhula 

 L., because the author quoted as synonyms Linnaeus's and 

 Temminck's names, but in this he was clearly in error, and 

 the fact that supposed synonyms are erroneously added does 

 not invalidate a new name. 



The same applies to Vieillot's Pyrrhula europcea. Vieillot 

 writes of and describes only the birds of his country (France), 

 though he adds Loxia pyrrhula Latham (not Linnaeus) as a 

 synonym, the latter being most probably the British Bull- 

 finch, then believed to be identical with the north European 

 form. Moreover, Vieillot, six pages later (p. 293), clearly distin- 

 guishes as a race, without giving it a name, the large, brightly 

 coloured northern Bullfinch, which is rarely caught near 

 Paris and in Normandy, as Vieillot said. There is, therefore, 

 no reason to adopt another name unknown to us, except 

 in synonymical lists. Pyrrhula rufa Koch might perhaps, 

 be ruled out, because both P. pyrrhula pyrrhula and P p. 

 europcBa occur in Bavaria, and there is nothing in the 

 description to show which form served for the short diagnosis 

 of the author. 



