Classification of the Spongida. 197 



Group 6. Halichondbina. 



Halichondria incrustans, Johnst. op. cit. p. 122, pi. xii. fig. 3. See also 

 Bowerbank, op. cit. vol. iii. pi. xliv. fig. 7, &c. 



Group 7. Hyndmanina. 



Halichondria Hyndmani, Bk. op. cit. vol. ii. p. 255, and vol. iii. pi. xlvi. 

 figs. 7-15. 



Group 8. Espebina. 



Halichondria eegayropila, Johust. op. cit. p. 119, pi. xi. fig. 1 (John- 

 stonian Collection, British Museum), = Desmacidon cegayropila, Bk. 

 op. cit. vol. iii. pi. lxiii. figs. 8-4. 



Hymeniacidon macilenta, Bk. op. cit. vol. iii. pi. xxxiii. figs. 7-13. 



Esperia, Nardo ap. Schmidt, op. cit. 18G2, p. 53 et seq. 



Group 9. Hymedesmina. 



Hymcdesmia Johnstoni, Bk. op. cit. vol. i. p. 276, pi. xviii. fig. 293, 

 = Desmacidon Johnstoni, Sdt. op. cit. 1870, p. 53, Taf. v. fig. 17. 



? Desmacidon titubans, Sdt. op. cit. 1870, p. 55, Taf. v. fig. 18. (A type 

 specimen is in the British Museum. ) 



Family 2. Suberitida. 



Group 10. Cavebnosa. 



Cliona celata, Johnst. op. cit. p. 125, = Raphyrtts Griffithsii, Bk. (the 

 free form), op. cit. vol. ii. p. 354, ?=Alcyonium tuberculosum, Esper, 

 Taf. xxiii. 



Eaphiophora patera, Gray, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1867, p. 524, = u Neptune's 

 Cwp," = Poterion, Harting, 1870, Mem. sur le Genre, 4to, Utrecht, 

 Natuurk. Verh. Provin. Utrecht Genootschap. v. Kunsten en Weten- 

 schappen (excellent illustrations). 



Group 11. Compacta. 



Halichondria suberea, Johnst. op. cit. p. 141, fig. 14, and p. 139, pi. xii. 



figs. 5 & 6, = Suberites domuncula, Sdt. 

 H.Jicus, Johnst. ib. p. 144, pi. xv. figs. 4 & 5. 

 Suberites, Nardo and Schmidt, op. cit. 1862, p. 65. 



Group 12. Laxa. 



Halichondria sanyuinea, Johnst. op. cit. p. 133, pi. xiv. fig. 3, = Hymeni- 

 acidon sanyuinea, Bk. op. cit. vol. iii. pi. xxx. figs. 5-8. (It is worthy 

 of notice that Dr. Bowerbank found in a British specimen of this 

 red sponge the characteristic fiesh-spicule of the carmine Vioa John- 

 stonii, Sdt., Mon. Brit. Spong. vol. i. p. 239, pi. iii. fig. 72.) 



Alcyoniam purpureum, Lam. (This beautiful carmine-coloured sponge 

 from Australia equals the following in the permanency and brilliancy 

 of its colour, and also corresponds with it in the forms of its 

 spicules.) 



Vioa Johnstonii, Sdt. op. cit. 1870, p. 5, Taf. vi. fig. 18. (Observe that 

 these spicules are quite different from those of the Vioa John- 

 stonii of 1862, op. cit. p. 78, Taf. vii. fig. 17, The carmine species (of 

 which there is a type specimen in the British Museum) has, in 

 addition to the flesh-spicules figured by Schmidt in 1870, & pin-like 



