On the Natural History of Kerguelen s Island. 291 



the highest tide-mark. It is completely destitute of even the 

 vestiges of wings and halteres. The sexual organs are concealed. 

 It and the preceding species are rather smooth. A third species, 

 slightly hairy, is common amongst tide-refuse and on the adjacent 

 rocks, which are coated with stunted Enter omorplia, on which plant, 

 inter alia, the larva feeds. It has very small triangular rudiments 

 of wings, slightly emarginate near the apex of the costa, and pos- 

 sesses halteres. The sexual organs are not exposed. The fourth 

 species occurs amongst grass growing along the shore and also in 

 Shag-rookeries. Its linear and very narrow wings are almost as 

 long as the abdomen. It can jump, but cannot fly. The sexual 

 organs are retracted. 



A Pulex is parasitic upon Halklroma, and one (possibly the 

 same species) on Diomedea fuliyinosa. 



Coleoptera are not uncommon. The larger species seem to have 

 their elytra soldered together. There is a small species of the 

 Brachelytra. 



Several species of Mrrnidae have been obtaiued. 



Two Podurce (one black, the other white) are plentiful. 



There appear to be few species of Spiders, though individuals 

 are numerous. Penguins and some of the other birds are infested 

 with Ticks. The remaining Arachnida are related to Oribates. 



The Crustacea, Annelida, Mollusca, aud Echinodermata in this 

 part of the island have probably been collected by the ' Challenger ' 

 more extensively than I have been able to do ; therefore I need 

 not particularize further about them than to state that Entomos- 

 traca abound in the lakes, an earthworm is common, and a land- 

 snail is very plentiful amongst the rocks on the lulls. This last 

 appears to appreciate comparative heat ; for specimens obtained in 

 an exposed place, during the frosty weather, were assembled to- 

 gether for warmth under the drip of an icicle. 



Iu Observatory Bay, Coelenterata are not numerous. One or 

 two species of Actiniidse on the rocks and Macrocystis-roots, and 

 an Ilyanthid in mud, are the only Actinozoa I have met with. 

 The Hydrozoa similarly have afforded only three species — aCorynid, 

 a Campanularian, and a Sertularella. 



There are several Sponges. 



"With the exception of Limosella aquatica, aud perhaps Ayrostis 

 antarctica, I have obtaiued all the flowering plants and ferns given 

 in the ' Elora Antarctica ' as indigenous to the island. Besides 

 these, Ranunculus hydroplulus and another species, a Carex, a 

 Festuea (probably F. purpurascens ; but I have no work containing 

 descriptions of the flowering plants), Polypodimn vwlgare, a fern 

 allied to Polypodiwm, aud Cystopteris fragilis have occurred to me. 

 There is also a plant which appears to belong to the Juncaceae. 

 Lycopodium clavatmn and L. selago are common about here. None 

 of the Mosses, Hepaticae, or Lichens have been worked out as yet ; 

 but amongst them are one or two species of Cladonia, aud some 

 examples of Lecanora paleaeea. Fungi are represented by Ayaricus 

 ( Pstdliota) arvensis, Coprinus atramenlarius, and a peculiar parasite 



