CONTENTS. V 



PAET III. 

 THE VARIOUS EXPEDITIONS. 



Chapter XII. 



The Arctic expeditions. — The Northeast passage. — Severe crit- 

 icisms on Nordenskjold 107 



Chapter XIII. 

 The discovery of the Kurile Islands and Japan from the north . 117 



Chapter XIV. 



Preparations for Bering's voyage of discovery to America. — 



Founding of Petropavlovsk.— The brothers De 1' Isle . . 127 



Chapter XV. 



The discovery of America from the east.— Steller induced to 

 join the expedition. — The separation of the St. Peter and 

 the St. Paul 135 



Chapter XVI. 



Bering's place of landing on the American coast. — Captain 

 Cook's uncertainty. — The question discussed and definitely 

 settled 143 



Chapter XVII. 



Explorations along the American coast. — Steller's censure of 

 Bering for undue haste. — Bering defended. — Dall, the 

 American writer, reprimanded. — The return voyage . . 150 



Chapter XVIII. 



The discovery of the Aleutian Islands.— Terrible hardships of 

 the voyage. — Steller's fault-finding. — Bering confined to his 

 cabin. — Deaths on board from exhaustion and disease. — 

 Bering Island discovered. — A narrow escape .... 164 



