NOTES. 213 



Three Sisters, Zellany and Kunashir, in their proper situation, and 

 have entirely omitted the rest." — Cf. 0. Peschel's account, p. 467, 

 2d Ed. 



54. W. Coxe: An Account of the Russian Discoveries. Lon- 

 don, 1781. 



55. The pre-Bering explorations of Northwest America did not 

 extend beyond the northern boundary of California, and had not 

 succeeded in ascertaining a correct outline of the country. In the 

 oldest maps of the new world, that of Ortelius (1570), Mercator 

 (1585), Ramusio (1606), and W. Blaew (1635), California is repre- 

 sented as a peninsula; but on the maps of later cartographers 

 as W. Samson (1659), Wischer (1660), J. Blaew, Jansen (1662), Fr. 

 de Witt (1666), and Nic. Samson (1667), the country is represented 

 as an island, and this view was held until G-. de L'Isle (1720) 

 adopted in his atlas the old cartography of the peninsula. 



Gvosd Jeff's expedition to Bering's Strait in 1732 is but slightly 

 and very imperfectly known in West Europe. It was undertaken 

 by Ivan Fedoroff, Moschkoff, who had accompanied Bering on his 

 first expedition, and the surveyor Gvosdjeff. Fedoroff is thus the 

 real discoverer of America from the east, and the world has given 

 Gvosdjeff the honor simply for the reason that the reports of 

 Fedoroff and his associate were lost and he himself died the year 

 after. There is an interesting account of this enterprise in ZapisM, 

 etc., IX., 78. 



56. G. W. Steller: Reisevon Kamtschatka nach Amerika. St. 

 Petersburg, 1793. 



57. R. Greenhow: History of Oregon, California and the North- 

 west Coast of North America, 3d ed., New York, 1845, p. 216.— W. 

 H. Dall : Alaska and its Resources. Boston, 1870, p. 257. — Milet- 

 Mureau: Voyage de la Perouse autour du Monde, II., 142-144 and 

 Note. — Vancouver: Voyage, etc. — Oltmann's: Untersuchungen uher 

 die Oeographie des neuen Continentes. Paris, 1810, II. 



58. A. J. V. Krusenstern; Hydrographie, etc., p. 226. — 0. 

 Peschel: OeschicMe der Erdhunde, 2d ed., p. 463 and Note. 



59. According to Wrangell, Dall and others, both Indians and 

 Eskimos inhabit this region. Clans of the great Tinne tribe, 

 Ugalenses, stay during the summer on the Atna River, and during 



