CULTIVATION OF MAKINE AND FRESH-WATER ANIMALS IN JAPAN. '_' I I 



AtChitoseand Nishibetsu, in Hokkaido, a small number of the " masir'( 0. kisutch) 

 are hatched, and on Lake Shikotsu, near the Chitose hatchery, there is a small branch 

 hatchery. Here the eggs of the landlocked "beni-masu" (the Ainu " kabacheppo "- 

 landlocked 0. nerkaf) arc hatched. This fish was originally found in Lake Akanka, 

 in the eastern part of Hokkaido; from there transplanted to Lake Shikotsu, men- 

 tic d above: from there again to Lake Onuma near Hakodate, and still farther to 



Lake Towada, in the Akita prefecture on the main island. 



There is one interesting fact which is perhaps worth mentioning. Of the salmon 

 fry that were liberated in the spring of L896, 30,000 were marked by cutting off the 

 operculum. Of these some are said to have come back in the winter of 1901-2, and 

 two grown to the size of •!.>'< and -2A feet are specially mentioned. In the winter of 

 1902-3 some twenty (according to Mr. Fujimura) were heard from, and five specially 

 recorded. In the winter of 1903-4 some forty (according to the same, authority) 

 were heard from, and several were no doubt specially examined, but the records are 

 not just now available. Thus the salmon liberated in one single year are returning 

 during several years in succession, the earliest recorded being live years and a half 

 after being set free. In the 1 years 1897-1901 a certain number of the young fry 

 were marked by cutting the adipose tin, and these are already being reported. All 

 the certain recorded cases have come back to the same [shikari River system. 



I need hardly say that salmon and trout culture is still in its infancy in Japan. 

 The doe- salmon is considered by the Americans as not dedicate in flavor, and we 

 should not confine ourselves to its cultivation, but should make efforts to introduce 

 the finer salmon and trout of America. At the same time we should undertake the 

 culture of other members of the Salmonidse native in Japan, such as the "shirauwo" 

 [S,il,n,,r microdon), the "ayu" (Plecoglosst^s dltivelis), etc. 



PISCICULTURE IN" FORMOSA. 



In Formosa, recently acquired by Japan, the native Chinese engage in the cul- 

 ture of various species of fishes, such as the carp, the graj mullet, the crucian carp, 

 etc. Of these, two stand out prominent. One species belonging to the Clupeidse 

 and called in Chinese "sabahi" {Ohanos salmoneus Bloch and Schneider) is abun- 

 dantly cultivated in the southern parts. Although a sea fish, it is able to accom- 

 modate itself easily to fresh water. The tish are at tirst put, when small fry. into 

 ponds not more than -1 feet square, and are fed with hen's eggs. When grown to a 

 larger size, in twenty to thirty days, they are put in larger ponds, given plenty of 

 food, and when they reach the size of 1<» inches or more are put on the market. The 

 other tish much cultivated is called "lenhi" {HypophthaLmichthys molitrix Cuvier 

 and Valenciennes), belonging to the Cyprinidse. These are brought from China in 

 November and December, when 9 to in inches lone-. They are kept in ponds and 

 abundantly fed, and may reach the size of 3^ feet, but are sold from the time they 

 become 1 foot long. This tish is cultivated in all parts of Formosa. 



