INTERCHANGE OF HEAT VON BEZOLD 4OI 



and this is the current that [arriving] in the radiation region partially 

 replaces the loss due to the excess of radiation whilst the remaining 

 excess of radiation is represented by actual loss of energy, i. e., by 

 cooling, formation of ice, etc. 



This formula differs in important respects from the equation 

 (10) as before established for the whole year. Whereas in that 

 the convection current depended only on the difference between 

 the insolation and the radiation, here there is also considered the 

 quantities of energy that are [in any way] received or lost in the 

 region and within the given period of time. 



Therefore it may theoretically be conceivable that the influence 

 of the difference of radiation may be entirely balanced or even 

 overcompensated by the storage of energy. 



However, this is not now the case on our earth for the whole 

 region of excess of insolation, since a flow of heat toward the 

 winter half of the globe [by convection] is always taking place and, 

 on the other hand, this makes itself felt in most incisive manner in 

 the polar regions at the time when the sun has his highest altitude. 



It is well known that even in midsummer warm currents flow 

 from lower latitudes toward the poles, whereas cold air and cold 

 water flow thence away, except where foehn-like phenomena make 

 an exception in special localities. 



Hence the convection current poleward continues even during 

 that season of the year in which the pole receives more heat than 

 any other point on the surface of the earth or of the boundary of 

 the atmosphere. 



Now imagine any line surrounding the pole over which this 

 current is flowing, and let it serve as a dividing line between a polar 

 portion and the remaining portion of the insolation region, which 

 latter may therefore be designated as the equatorial region, and 

 distinguish by the index p all the quantities relating to the polar 

 region, then for the intensity of the current Jp we have the equation 



J P = *-<*-"> (2.) 



Since now the current flows toward the pole therefore Jp must have 

 the same sign as would belong to it if q* and u p were both equal to 

 zero, that is to say. as if only radiation were effective within the 

 dividing line. Therefore Jp must be negative. 



